The value of the floor slab on the brick wall: species, depth

A building’s floor slab is an integral part of its structure, offering vital stability and support. Regarding brick walls, the kind and depth of the floor slab can have a big influence on the construction’s overall durability and integrity. Comprehending these facets is essential to guaranteeing a sturdy and enduring structure.

Brick walls can be used with a variety of floor slab types, each with its own advantages and applications for different kinds of construction. Solid slabs, hollow core slabs, and ribbed slabs are a few typical varieties. Every variety possesses unique qualities that render it appropriate for various uses and architectural layouts.

The floor slab’s depth is yet another important consideration. It needs to be precisely calculated to make sure it can sustain the building’s weight and structural integrity. The required depth of the slab is determined by various factors, including the intended use of the building, load-bearing requirements, and local building codes.

You can increase the strength and lifespan of the building by selecting the appropriate floor slab type and depth when constructing your brick wall. Comprehending these principles will enable you to make well-informed decisions and optimize the outcomes of your construction endeavors, regardless of whether you’re working on a residential or commercial project.

Types by the method of support

To lessen the weight of the structure and its pressure on the brickwork, a reinforced concrete slab with internal voids is positioned between floors.

They range in length from 1.5 to 12 m (in 100 mm increments) and are constructed in a variety of forms and dimensions. The slabs range in width from 16 to 33 cm, but the average width is 22 cm.

The selection of reinforced concrete products for interfloor laying is influenced by the characteristics of the building.

• seismic properties of the construction region;
• loads acting on the building and slab;
• wall parameters – thickness, height, material of manufacture;
• purpose of the building – industrial, public, residential.

• short installation time;
• low cost;
• reliability and durability in operation;
• ease of installation using workers and a truck crane;
• high sound insulation due to voids.

• mandatory use of construction equipment;
• there is a distance between them;
• the final rigidity of the structure is less compared to a monolith.

Products made of concrete resist tension less well than compression. The floor is compressed in its upper portion and stretched in its lower portion. Reinforcement is positioned all the way around the slab to boost resistance. As a result, the product’s longitudinal bend can be downward.

The project and working drawings specify the sequence in which the interfloor reinforced concrete products are laid, with varying numbers of support nodes.

On two sides

This method of installing the floor slab involves providing support for two load-bearing walls that are across from one another. The product’s transverse narrow side is positioned against the walls.

The least expensive and easiest to install load distribution technique is this one. When the deflection stays within allowed bounds, it ought to be applied. Load limit: up to 800 kg/m³. Products with round voids that are marked 1PK, 2PK, or PK in reinforced concrete can be made using this method.

On three sides

Three of the walls can support the floor slab. In this instance, the wall load-bearing elements are pushed onto by two of the short edges and one of the long edges.

Only the product’s free portion bends when this arrangement is used. The longitudinal frame enters the picture, taking up the tensile stress only at the hanging fragment and not the whole length.

The installation technique is applied to buildings with U-shaped load-bearing structures and corners. The slabs, known as PKT, have reinforced ends and can support loads of up to 1600 kg/m³.

On four sides

PKK slabs are the stiffest because they have reinforced ends on all sides. Their enhanced load-bearing capacity is what distinguishes them.

When fairly large loads need to be distributed, they are employed in complex structures and are more costly. This choice makes sense if there are plans to build more superstructures in the future.

On all four sides, the slab is placed against the walls. Low-rise building construction is not a cost-effective use of such products.

The depth of the installation on the walls

Regulatory documents govern the floor slabs’ minimum support. It is dependent upon:

1. The type of building – industrial, administrative or residential.
2. The thickness of the brick load-bearing wall.
3. Types of load – dynamic or static.
4. Load values ​​- point and distributed.
5. Length of the reinforced concrete.
6. Dimensions of the span to be covered.

Design engineers’ computations yield precise overlap size data, which must fall between the 9 and 12 cm standard.

• structural, which is equal to the distance between the ends of the ceiling slab (net length);
• modular – the planned width of the span.

Therefore, the actual size of the product is considered at 5.98 meters when laying 6-meter hollow-core slabs. To create a room that is 5.7 meters wide, you should install the product with an overlap depth of 12 centimeters if you leave 2 centimeters for plaster on each side.

The reinforced concrete is pinched when the support value exceeds the limits set by the regulations. That is to say, a portion of the load rests on the floor element’s end. The load-bearing walls’ brickwork will gradually fracture as a result of the entire structure operating improperly.

Furthermore, since the end is oriented outward, the increased overlap results in excessive heat loss.

The embedment depth must be at least less than necessary in order for the load to be transferred to the masonry’s edge and cause it to collapse.

Excerpt from SNiP

SNiP specifies the floor slab’s required depth of support. It is mentioned in the section on large-panel structural systems that hollow-core slabs should overlap the load-bearing panels on two sides:

• by 100 mm – at a height of more than 220 mm;
• by 80 mm – at a height of less than 220 mm.

In any event, no more than 15 cm should be the support distance. They are not laid on the third and fourth sides of reinforced concrete products that have multiple voids.

Monolithic products are placed atop reinforced concrete walls or concrete with a support depth of:

• 7 cm – for a span of more than 4.2 m and installation on 2 sides;
• 5 cm – for a value of less than 4.2 m and 2 sides or more than 4.2 m and 3 sides;
• 4 cm — on 4 sides (along the contour).

The floor slab affects both load distribution and structural integrity, which is important for the longevity and stability of brick walls. Depending on the needs of the building, several floor slab types—such as hollow core, solid, and ribbed slabs—offer different advantages. To guarantee that it can sustain the intended load without placing undue strain on the brick wall, the floor slab’s depth is crucial. The overall strength and longevity of the building are improved by carefully choosing and installing the appropriate kind and depth of floor slab.

Reinforced belt

Before laying floors on brick, foam, or gas block load-bearing walls, a monolithic reinforced belt serves as a base. After the formwork and vertical, transverse, and longitudinal part frames are installed, concrete is poured.

1. The grade of concrete used must match that used for masonry. A mixture of class higher than 15B is best suited.
2. For the frame, reinforcement is needed no thinner than 8 mm, which is welded or tied with wire.
3. The width of the belt is equal to the width of the wall.
4. The height of the reinforcing base should be at least the same as the gas block – 20-40 cm.

To evenly distribute the load between the load-bearing walls and partitions, a belt must be installed correctly. Additionally, the ends of the metal reinforcement are brought out during the frame-making process to ensure dependable slab fastening.

Comprehending the significance of a floor slab on a brick wall is essential to guaranteeing the steadiness and durability of your building project. The overall structural integrity of a building, be it residential or commercial, can be greatly impacted by selecting the appropriate slab type and depth.

A variety of floor slab types, including ribbed, hollow core, and solid slabs, each have special advantages. While hollow core slabs are lighter and offer superior insulation, solid slabs are ideal for large loads due to their exceptional strength. Because of their reinforced design, ribbed slabs are perfect for spanning longer distances without assistance.

It is imperative to take into account the particular needs of your project when determining the appropriate depth. The load-bearing capacity, thermal characteristics, and even sound insulation are all impacted by the slab’s depth. Achieving the right balance between material efficiency and structural performance is facilitated by ensuring the right depth.

To sum up, choosing the appropriate kind and depth of floor slab for your brick wall construction is a crucial first step toward creating a sturdy and useful building. You can improve the quality and functionality of your structure by making well-informed decisions by being aware of your options and the benefits associated with each.

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