Modern construction requires reinforced concrete beams because they give various structures strength and stability. Concrete is a strong, adaptable material that is used to create these beams, and it is reinforced with steel bars. The end product is a composite material that is perfect for a variety of applications because it can bear heavy loads and stresses.
Reinforced concrete beams can have their dimensions altered to meet the unique requirements of a project. These beams’ dimensions and forms are determined by the structural specifications, which include the weight and span that they must support. Variations in lengths, widths, and depths are common dimensions, all of which are intended to guarantee maximum performance and security.
The technical attributes of beams made of reinforced concrete encompass their resistance against bending, shearing, and torsion. These beams’ effective handling of compressive loads is made possible by the combination of concrete and steel, while the steel reinforcement offers tensile strength. Because of these two qualities, reinforced concrete beams are a dependable material option for building bridges and other infrastructure.
Beams made of reinforced concrete serve functions other than just providing structural support. They are essential to the general durability and integrity of structures, including buildings. The stability and longevity of the structures they support are preserved by these beams’ even distribution of loads and resistance to outside forces. Reinforced concrete beams are an essential component of contemporary engineering and construction, regardless of their application in residential, commercial, or industrial projects.
- Definition
- Materials and characteristics
- Purpose
- Peculiarities
- Marking
- Difference between a beam and a joist
- How to make a beam
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Definition
Beams act as a vertical connecting element and a support for inclined or vertically positioned linear load-bearing building units, such as slabs or purlins, in building coverings and floors. They are fixedly or hingedly attached to columns and racks, among other vertical components.
Through these horizontal connectors, laid floor slabs distribute the majority of the building’s weight onto the walls and foundation.
The state standard also specifies the forms of the markings that go with the reinforced concrete beams, which must be delivered to the construction site in compliance with GOST.
It is not acceptable to have cracks, chips, uneven surfaces, damage to the concrete and reinforcement in the anchoring area, or other flaws. Construction managers must conduct an initial visual inspection of the units in accordance with SNiP and verify that at least three products—or more than 10%—comply with the geometric parameters and surface quality standards.
Materials and characteristics
The reinforced concrete material’s design, transfer, and release strength at three different times must be approved and meet the requirements for both the warm and cold seasons.
The strength comes from heavyweight concrete (B22.5 to B60). Reinforced concrete is supported by wire, which is a necessary class and hardened drawing reinforcing steel, as well as hot-rolled reinforcement and mechanically reinforced steel ropes.
- fire resistance;
- water resistance;
- anti-corrosion protection;
- resistance to aggressive gas compositions;
- frost resistance.
- The concrete beam must withstand the control loads specified in the working drawings during testing, have the required crack resistance, rigidity.
- From the reinforcement to the surface, the protective layer of concrete is standardized by thickness, including in the area of the location of assembly loops, embedded products.
- When the material reaches the established value of the transfer strength (specified in the drawings), it is necessary to release the tension of the reinforcement in the pre-stressed parts (transfer of compression forces).
- In cold weather, the strength of concrete for roof units should be increased to 90%, interfloor ceilings – up to 85%.
Purpose
In addition to serving as a support, the reinforced concrete beam for floor slabs joins the building’s vertical structures. The reinforced concrete elements that comprise the structure are welded together to create a rigid, highly strong framework.
The weight of the horizontal structures is supported by the "skeleton" of the building in the vertical support plane. The construction achieves geometric stability. These kinds of elements form a belt that unloads the foundation.
These units are necessary because the premises have high ceilings, which strengthen the columns and allow for wide spans in the hangars and sales areas.
If the beams are arranged in the way intended for this, they can be used as either columns or beams. They have the strength to support large loads. Certain modifications are 12 meters long and can be applied to larger structures with more stories.
These kinds of reinforced concrete components can be used to create fences and window lintels for multi-story buildings.
The transportation sector makes extensive use of the parts. They are employed in the building of
- bridges;
- viaducts;
- crossings;
- parapets;
- fences.
- reinforcing power transmission towers;
- supporting ribbed, hollow-core slabs on 1 or 2 shelves;
- construction of stairwells;
- installation of slabs and balconies;
- shelf-less floors.
Peculiarities
The method of fastening, material, cross-section, length, additional beam dimensions, and the structure’s profile are chosen based on the application site:
- It can be T-shaped, without shelves or with right angles. Have 1 or 2 shelves for floor slabs, represent a T-shaped cross-section.
- For end spans of buildings and flights of stairs, to support the slabs on 1 side, parts with 1 shelf are used. For central spans, it is typical to use 2 slabs and a model with 2 shelves is needed.
- Indoors, structures must have a reduced body outlet. Variants with a low shelf, T-shaped are used.
- The load can simply be placed on top if rectangular elements are used.
The locations of the mounting loops and sling holes for installing and lifting reinforced concrete products are shown in working drawings.
The most frequent flaws in mass-produced goods that must be found and fixed are:
- Stretched reinforcement may contain cracks that reduce the bearing capacity;
- Concrete has a chopping layer;
- In the middle part of the span at the bottom of the parts, transverse cracks are possible;
- The concrete surface is damaged;
- In support zones, inclined cracks are found;
- In the compressed zone there may be cracks of longitudinal.
The design must recall the bearing capacity in the direction of strengthening and reducing if the cracks are wider than 0.1 mm. Only after flaws have been fixed can such a detail be utilized.
Marking
The reference requirements are found in GOST 23009. The marking is made up of group disfigurements with letters and numbers:
- In the 1st group in decimeters, the length and height of the cross -section of the product are rounded rounded, its type. In some cases, it is allowed to be placed in group 1 of the size of the size in order and the conditional name of the part (p).
- In group No. 2 for prestressed structures, the class of reinforcement steel is set. There are also designations of the bearing capacity of the part by serial number and the value of this parameter, expressed in kN/m.
- Group 3 includes characteristics that indicate the conditions of use of reinforced concrete products, the presence of embedded elements in the structure, resistance to the effects of gaseous aggressive environments, seismic processes.
A product with the following specifications, for instance, will be marked: length 5560 mm, height 600 mm, bearing capacity 110 kN/m, and reinforcement class A-IV (stressed).
The addition of group 3, for instance, RDP6.56-110AIV-Na, will indicate the installation of additional embedded parts ("a") inside the body, which is composed of a normal permeability concrete mixture ("H").
- two-shelf – RD;
- ribbed slabs – ROR;
- balcony – RKP;
- single-shelf – RO;
- rectangular — P.
RC beams, also known as reinforced concrete beams, are crucial structural components used in construction to support loads and offer stability. The combination of concrete strength and steel reinforcement flexibility makes these beams perfect for a wide range of applications, including buildings, bridges, and other infrastructure projects. Their diverse dimensions and unique technical attributes are essential for guaranteeing the longevity and safety of construction projects.
Difference between a beam and a joist
One of the extremely specialized kinds of beams is the crossbar. Beam is a more general term. Whether it is laid horizontally or at an angle, the primary consideration in design is bending as an independent unit of the frame structure.
Beams are often hollow inside and are composed of metal or wood. These products are distinguished by their decreased weight.
- Made to perform specified functions that do not change depending on the conditions.
- The product is installed only horizontally.
- Parts are made of various shapes, sections, profiles depending on the place of application. Its material may also differ in parameters due to the purpose.
There is less specialization in beams. A broad range of standard sizes, cross-sections, and lengths set apart industry beam series.
Thus, series 1.402.1-20s is utilized in structures with grids of columns for industrial building frames and in regions with elevated seismic activity (up to 9 points).
In seismic or non-seismic regions, Series 1.402.1-19 offers longitudinal stability up to seven points with the aid of steel ties.
Items 1 Оў 6.56-60 АIIIв are utilized as supports installed in the rack system for administrative, public, and industrial buildings. Both the foundation’s area and strength grow.
These kinds of structures are in demand in the construction industry because they can provide dependable support for roofs and floor beams. Rigid connections bind the vertically and horizontally positioned bearing elements.
How to make a beam
You can build a reinforced concrete beam on the construction site yourself if the foundation’s strength can be precisely calculated. Formwork will require metal sheets for its bottom. The side sections can be equipped with boards or plywood. Taking a material that can withstand moisture is preferable.
- The bottom of the formwork is installed on the T-shaped supports, set horizontally. The cavities inside it are covered with roofing felt.
- It is easier to make the reinforcement frame separately, based on the size of the formwork. It is necessary to leave a space of at least 3-5 cm to ensure sufficient thickness of the concrete layer in the lower and upper parts of the finished product. Place the welded frame inside the formwork. Preliminary, it is necessary to check the welding joints for light with a device.
- Install the sidewalls of the formwork.
- Pour the mixture and smooth it out with trowels.
- The installed supports must remain on the site for at least 28 days. The side parts of the formwork can be removed after 3 days and used for the next element.
Crushed stone, cement, and water are combined in a 4-2-1 ratio to create the concrete mixture. Using a vibrator when laying concrete is preferable. The poured portion needs attention during the first few days. It must be poured and kept out of the sun.
Aspect | Details |
Material | Reinforced concrete |
Dimensions | Varies based on application, typically in lengths from 1 to 12 meters, and widths from 100 to 400 millimeters |
Strength | High load-bearing capacity |
Durability | Resistant to fire, weather, and pests |
Purpose | Used in construction for supporting floors, roofs, and walls |
Installation | Can be precast or cast-in-place |
Advantages | Strong, long-lasting, and versatile |
Applications | Bridges, buildings, parking garages, and industrial structures |
Modern construction cannot function properly without reinforced concrete beams, which give a variety of structures the stability and support they need. These beams, which are composed of steel reinforcement mixed with concrete, are intended to withstand large loads and bending forces, protecting the structural integrity of buildings and bridges.
Depending on the purpose for which they are intended, reinforced concrete beams have different dimensions and technical specifications. Custom dimensions can be tailored for specific engineering needs, while standard sizes are frequently used in residential and commercial construction. These beams are made to be strong and resilient to environmental stresses by the selection of materials and design specifications.
In order to prevent failure or collapse, the main function of reinforced concrete beams is to distribute loads evenly throughout a structure. When building floors, roofs, and other structural components that need strong support, they are indispensable. Through the integration of steel’s tensile strength and concrete’s compressive strength, these beams provide a dependable and long-lasting option for a range of building projects.
In conclusion, reinforced concrete beams are essential to the building sector. They are a favored option for guaranteeing the security and lifespan of infrastructure and buildings because of their adaptability, strength, and durability. Construction projects that are successful depend on having a thorough understanding of the significance and practical uses of these beams, whether they are for residential, commercial, or industrial purposes.