Reinforced concrete wall panels and their types

Modern construction requires the use of reinforced concrete wall panels, which give buildings strength and longevity. Concrete and steel reinforcement are combined to create these panels, which improves the overall structural integrity. Because of their resilience to a variety of environmental conditions and heavy loads, they are extensively utilized in both residential and commercial buildings.

Wall panels made of reinforced concrete come in a variety of forms, each intended for a particular use and set of building specifications. Precast, sandwich, and solid panels are a few popular varieties. Solid panels are perfect for load-bearing walls because of their durability. Sandwich panels, on the other hand, are ideal for energy-efficient buildings because they are made of layers with insulation between. Precast panels ensure high quality and expedite the construction process because they are manufactured off-site and assembled on-site.

The design of the building, the needed load, and the surrounding environment all play a role in the decision about reinforced concrete wall panels. Every variety has its own advantages and can be tailored to fit particular structural and architectural requirements. Knowing the various kinds of reinforced concrete wall panels can help you choose the best option for your project, whether you’re building a single-family home or a high-rise structure.

Reinforced concrete wall panels offer superior fire and sound resistance in addition to their structural advantages. They are therefore a well-liked option in cities where comfort and safety are crucial. Additionally, over time, their durability lowers maintenance costs, providing building owners with long-term savings.

Types and series of reinforced concrete wall panels

The wall panel is a vertically installed slab of reinforced concrete. Hollow, monolithic reinforced concrete molded products are used, either solid or with window and door recesses, depending on the application site.

Products made of wall-reinforced concrete are made using the flow method. This indicates that the item is put together using various panels from the same series. Whether the house is being built in Chita or Moscow, they are united and part of the same drawing album. For builders, a set of cast parts is a designer.

Types of reinforced concrete panels and GOSTs

• Reinforced concrete external wall panels for residential and public buildings can be cast from lightweight porous and heavy concrete. Single-layer and double-layer products comply with GOST 11024-20-12
• In the construction of residential and administrative and cultural facilities, three-layer reinforced concrete wall panels, monolithic or prefabricated, are used that meet the requirements of GOST 31310-2015.
• Single-layer and double-layer vertical structures corresponding to GOST 11024-84 and GOST 11118-73 are used for the contour of the basement floor and underground.
• The characteristics of internal wall panels made of reinforced concrete correspond to GOST 12504-80.
• Single-layer reinforced concrete wall panels for fencing or engineering structures are produced according to the manufacturer"s specifications.

Specific specifications for embedded elements and reinforcement mesh. For every kind of slab, a particular kind of steel, rod diameter, grade, and class of reinforcement mesh are utilized. At this point, GOST 31310-2005 and GOST 1305-2003 are paramount.

The importance of a series of reinforced concrete products and an album of drawings

A range of internal or external reinforced concrete wall panels are designed in accordance with GOST, accounting for operating condition tolerances, the type of concrete utilized, reinforcement, embedded elements, and block connection scheme. In other words, the album controls every aspect of technology, from wall slab manufacturing to installation.

For instance, the three-layer reinforced concrete wall panel series 1.432.1-21 is intended for installation in heated rooms on slabs measuring 6 meters in length. The atmosphere is hostile and humid. This series involved the development of 7 album releases.

Every individual carries working drawings for a single segment, such as used fittings, wall panels, mounting assemblies, etc. Features and measurements of wall panels made of reinforced concrete

The selection of embedded components and reinforcement depends on the weight that the wall panel is expected to support. Additionally, prestressing or the conventional method is used to carry out the reinforcement.

Concrete density for casting:

• especially light, with porous filler – 700 kg/m3;
• lightweight – weighing up to 1800 kg/m3;
• heavy – density up to 1800 kg/m3;
• especially heavy – above 2,500 kg/m3.

The grade of concrete and the quantity of layers in the assembly determine the weight of wall panels made of reinforced concrete. Prefabricated reinforced concrete wall panels are regarded as non-load-bearing when they are used in frame construction and secured to a support with mortgages.

Wall panels with load bearing in a frameless circuit. They may also be able to support themselves and a floor load.

Dimensions of wall panels

GOST regulates the standard dimensions of external reinforced concrete wall panels.

• For residential buildings, slabs of 6 m, 3 m, 1.5 m length are used as additional ones in openings, with window sockets, recesses for doors.
• For industrial premises 6, 12 m long.
• The height of all slabs is 1.2 or 1.8 m.

Observations:

1. The coordination heights of the panels specified in the table above apply to panels intended for above-ground floors, and the coordination thicknesses of the panels apply to single-layer and solid layered panels. In cases where several modules are given in the table, the coordination size is a multiple of one of these modules.
2. The coordination length of corner panels is determined depending on the thickness of the panels and the design of the corner butt joints.
3. The coordination length of the pier panels may be taken to be different from that given in the table in cases where this is justified by the features of the building facade solution.
4. The coordination thickness of panels, a multiple of the module M/4, equal to 25 mm, should preferably be adopted for layered panels.
5. It is allowed, with the appropriate technical and economic justification and with the permission of the state construction authorities of the union republics, to adopt a coordination thickness of panels greater than 400 mm.
6. It is allowed to manufacture panels with coordination dimensions different from those specified in Table. 1, on existing equipment up to 01.01.91, as well as in cases provided for by ST SEV 1001-78.

Thickness of reinforced concrete wall panels

Wall panels made of reinforced concrete range in thickness from 20 to 50 cm, depending on how many layers are present. Large slabs of reinforced concrete measuring up to six meters in length and floor height are used for internal wall panels.

Note: If a feasibility study is developed based on experimental data obtained for specific panel designs, taking into account the conditions of their use in buildings and climatic influences, it may be possible for the minimum layer thickness indicated in brackets to be accepted by agreement between the manufacturer and the design organization, which is the author of the design documentation for specific buildings.

They are constructed from regular or gypsum concrete, coated in an anti-corrosion putty layer, and reinforced with reinforcing mesh. Usually made of a single layer, the inner slab is self-supporting.

You must be able to read the marking on the edge of every panel:

• The first digit 1, 2,3 shows how many layers are in a monolithic structure, and 4-6 – in a prefabricated.
• B – internal, H – external panel;
• S – walls, C – basement, basement, H – attic.
• dimensions in decimeters.

The procedure for manufacturing three-layer reinforced concrete wall panels

Concrete is used to create a single-layer slab. A frame and a heat-insulating layer that also acts as a vapor barrier make up a two-layer slab. The building is covered in a cement-sand screed on top. Installing the bearing layer starts from the side of the room.

However, three-layer wall slabs are the most common type used in modern construction. Here, an outer panel with reinforcement is installed, followed by the laying of a thermal insulation layer and the reinforcement-fastened inner and outer panels.

The choice of insulation for wall panels made of reinforced concrete is determined by the operating climate. Frame, mesh, and double-sided reinforcement are all rust-proof thanks to special putty.

Fastening reinforced concrete wall panels

Assembling a building’s or structure’s frame is one of the crucial phases of panel construction. Every panel has fasteners, which are unique metal fastening components.

The Standard Technological Map (TTK), which serves as a reference document for the PPR – work project, specifies the kind of lock that should be selected.

The following methods are used to secure single- or multi-layer reinforced concrete panels to the frame:

• Welding method. The embedded panel element is connected to the beam crossbar using steel plates.
• Bolted connection – the mortgage and the lining are connected by a screw connection. The assembly is protected from corrosion by concreting.
• Loop-bracket connection, when the overlay is made of reinforcement, a loop of the embedded part is inserted onto it, the joint is concreted.
• Self-locking connections – when the lock is made between the panels. One of them has an open loop, the other – a protruding pin. During installation, a connection is obtained that resembles hanging a door leaf on protruding rods.

Modern construction requires reinforced concrete wall panels because of their strength, durability, and adaptability. These panels offer solutions for a variety of building needs and are available in different types, including precast, tilt-up, and insulated. Tilt-up panels are cast on-site and then lifted into position, whereas precast panels are made off-site and transported for installation. Insulated panels improve energy efficiency by fusing insulation materials with concrete. Because each variety has unique advantages and uses, reinforced concrete wall panels are essential to modern engineering and architecture.

Technical requirements for wall panels

Whether reinforced concrete panels are intended for use in residential or commercial settings, they must adhere to the following specifications:

• Accurate dimensions and shapes with precisely installed embedded connections.
• Compliance with the weight and size standard.
• Compliance with tolerances established by GOST, with an error of no more than 10 mm.
• All metal components must be installed flush, for embedded connections, an extension of 3 mm above the surface is allowed.

Conclusion

Wall panels expedite and lower the cost of building and structure construction. Both high-rise and low-rise buildings use them. The purpose of the slab and its compliance with standards should be taken into consideration when selecting molded products made of reinforced concrete.

Strength, durability, and versatility are just a few of the qualities that have revolutionized modern construction with reinforced concrete wall panels. These panels are essential to many buildings because they allow for innovative architectural designs to be combined with structural support. These panels are a dependable option for a range of construction requirements because of the combination of the flexibility of steel reinforcement and the robustness of concrete.

Wall panels made of reinforced concrete come in a variety of forms, each with a distinct function. Precast panels are precisely and of the highest quality because they are made in a controlled environment and then delivered to the construction site. For large-scale projects, tilt-up panels, which are cast on-site and lifted into position, are effective and provide significant cost savings. In addition to their structural advantages, insulated concrete panels offer thermal efficiency, which makes them perfect for energy-conscious designs.

As more builders and architects become aware of the advantages of using reinforced concrete wall panels, their use is only going to increase. Their resilience to severe weather conditions, fire, and low maintenance requirements make them a sensible option for long-lasting constructions. Additionally, the opportunities for customization and design are growing due to developments in manufacturing techniques and technology.

All things considered, reinforced concrete wall panels—which combine strength, efficiency, and adaptability—are a mainstay of contemporary building. These panels will continue to be essential for creating safer, more environmentally friendly, and aesthetically beautiful buildings even as building requirements change.

Video on the topic

Sandwich panels: types, characteristics, pros and cons

How to choose wall panels – Tips from the Saray hypermarket

Wall panels, types, characteristics, application

PVC and MDF decorative panels: types, properties, installation // FORUMHOUSE

Reinforced concrete panels – the BEST material for the home? / Presentation of new reinforced concrete panels with a READY facade from the FACTORY

Three-layer wall reinforced concrete panels

MDF panels. Clearly and to the point! | Stroymarket "Interior"