Plan of floor slabs for a house

One of the most important things to plan for when building a house is how the floor slabs are laid out. As they give the entire structure support and stability, floor slabs are crucial to the building’s overall structural integrity.

Understanding load distribution, choosing the right materials, and using the right installation methods are all necessary for creating a well-thought-out floor slab plan. This adds to the house’s longevity and safety by guaranteeing that the floors can support the weight of the occupants, furnishings, and appliances.

We’ll look at the key components of creating a house floor plan in this article. We’ll talk about the various kinds of floor slabs, the value of precise measurements, and the best installation techniques. You can build a sturdy, long-lasting foundation for your house by adhering to these recommendations.

General information about precast floor slabs

Precast reinforced concrete slab homes vary in type, but they all have standard dimensions.

Comparing prefabricated buildings to monoliths reveals several benefits:

• high installation speed;
• Laying plates can be performed regardless of the conditions: frost, heat, rain, etc. P. will not be a problem;
• low price, you can save up to 15% of the cost of the monolith.

The primary drawback of the design is its large mass, which is caused by reinforced concrete slabs and the first floor’s concrete floor. Owing to their substantial weight, the slabs can only be used in a restricted area, necessitating the installation of a foundation with high strength. The construction estimate rises when foundation depths for load-bearing and internal walls are increased. Monolithic concrete is more expensive than reinforced concrete slabs, even when additional expenses are factored in.

The building’s exterior and interior walls are different in thickness. Load-bearing slabs can range in length from up to 9 meters and have a thickness of 140 to 220 millimeters, depending on the span. The internal walls measure between 8 and 12 mm in thickness. It is crucial to take into account the construction type and layout when working with panels.

There are three primary types in total:

• solid. Without voids, have the greatest weight. Distinguished by the greatest strength. They are included in the plan, drawing of floors exclusively for multi-story buildings. Used to create interfloor ceilings. Due to the solid structure, the slabs have reduced heat and sound insulation properties;
• hollow. Longitudinal voids are made inside, usually round in shape. Adding air tanks resulted in an increase in thickness – 220 mm. Are the most common prefabricated elements. They have high insulation characteristics. Due to the presence of voids, in comparison with monolithic floors, hollow blocks create less load on the foundation and walls. An additional advantage is the ability to cover large spans and load-bearing walls, since the length of the slabs reaches 12 m;
• hip. They are a tray with ribs directed downwards or upwards. The thickness of the slabs is from 140 to 160 mm.

Due to their advantages over prefabricated slabs, monolithic floors are frequently used when working with a roof and external walls:

• evenly distribute the load;
• special equipment is not required for construction;
• can be laid not only on walls, but also on columns;
• a monolith can be made of any size, including non-standard.

Monolithic panels come with three primary drawbacks:

• labor intensity of construction;
• the need for a complex process of strengthening the structure, it is unlikely to be possible to do without the help of highly qualified builders;
• it is necessary to form the formwork, the process is labor-intensive and requires a lot of materials.

It is important to take each type of floor’s characteristics into account when creating a plan and arranging the floor slabs.

Floor slab plan

Finding the number of slabs is a crucial step in creating a diagram. The total floor area and the area of a single slab are used to calculate the indicator. Rounding up is done when dividing to avoid getting a non-integer value.

You can choose different kinds of floors for different floors when thinking through a plan. Modifications can be made individually for each floor, but they are usually outlined in relation to rooms below the ground planning mark.

It is preferable to let a professional handle the floor plan diagram drawing. The work itself can be completed by a novice or unskilled worker, but accurate calculations and knowledge of the characteristics of reinforced concrete slabs are needed for the drawing. Any error could lead to the building collapsing. The building’s characteristics will be considered by the architect in order to determine the optimal layout.

The floor is composed of T-shaped reinforced concrete beams with interbeam filling, which can be either hollow inserts or lightweight concrete slabs. The beams’ lengths range from 2.4 to 6.4 meters. Support starting at 150 mm on the wall. Both ends of the ends are fastened to the wall. Pitch is defined by the filler’s size, which is typically 60, 80, or 1 m.

The process is considerably simplified if you intend to install wooden floors because you won’t have to deal with bulky structures—instead, you’ll work with beams that are easily movable. If a floor plan error is permitted, it is simpler to correct and the outcome is not unacceptable. With wood, even a novice can create floors. Selecting beams with impregnation is crucial, and installing them is a straightforward process.

The maximum span for wooden beams is 4.8 meters. The beam’s width and height are chosen to be between 60 and 120 mm and 5 and 10% of the span, respectively. 40–50 mm cranial beams fastened to the sides of the beams provide support for the interbeam panels. The width of the panels is significantly influenced by the beam pitch, which ranges from 600 to 1500 mm. The length of the boards is used to calculate the length of the panels.

Plan for laying out floor slabs

Selecting the axes and the overall dimensions of the panels along the axes is crucial after making sketches showing the approximate locations of the slabs. The building’s height and panel count will be influenced by the slab’s dimensions. The relative heights from the finished floor level are taken into consideration by the vertical dimensional values \u200b\u200b.

The location of the load-bearing walls, to which the floors will be attached, must be considered when creating a plan.

Plan of the load-bearing structures of the floors

The short side of multi-hollow-core floors is supported by a load-bearing brick wall that is at least 90 mm in height. Resting the long side on self-supporting elements is not advised if cellular concrete acts as a support (120–150 mm). Slabs with a width of 1.8 m and a length of up to 7.2 m are preferable for low-rise building construction.

It is preferable to use cellular concrete for the floor if the building’s walls are composed of the same material. Load-bearing walls should support them by 2 to 5 cm on the sides and by 10 to 15 cm on the short side. The plan should include a monolithic reinforced concrete belt that encircles the building and its interior walls in order to strengthen the structure.

The dimensions of the elements, sections composed of monolith, height of support, width of the reinforced concrete belt, and panel anchoring should all be noted in the plan when designing a structure composed of precast reinforced concrete or cellular concrete slabs.

For flooring, I-beams measuring 16–27 cm in height are typically utilized. Floor beams should be at least 18 centimeters from the walls. The beams need to be fastened to the walls and joined together to form a stiff disk. There is a 60, 77, 80 cm, or 1, 1.1 m gap between each beam. The interbeam filler type has the biggest impact on the step. Fixing beams at the structure’s edges in close proximity to load-bearing walls is preferable (beam edge to wall, up to 5 cm). It is preferable to use monolithic concrete to create non-standardly shaped elements.

General information about installation

Slabs of precast reinforced concrete are installed with the least amount of space between them. Installation calls for specialized lifting equipment. Cement mortar is poured into the floor joints. On the horizontal plane, metal anchors attached to the slab hinges will aid in the creation of a seamless and incredibly rigid floor. Fusion-welded composite anchors are used in areas where panels are in contact with internal slabs.

L-shaped anchors are advised to secure the ends of precast slabs that are supported by exterior walls to the masonry. They are filled with cement after installation, which stops corrosion. Brickwork can be used to close any cracks that develop between the partitions and slabs.

One crucial guideline is that reinforced concrete slabs should only be installed on load-bearing walls; partitions and other self-supporting structures should be installed after the slabs are installed.

When the slabs are laid, a foundation is created beneath load-bearing, self-supporting walls that are thicker than 250 mm. A base is also positioned beneath each support element and the ventilation ducts. The dimensions of the base beneath the walls and the binding of the foundation sole to the modular layout layers should be considered when creating a foundation sketch. The width of the foundation slabs when using columnar and prefabricated foundations is decided by the strength needed to support the loads.

It is determined that the width of the rubble strips and concrete should be 8–10 cm wider than the wall. The prefabricated foundation’s dimensions are established by the block thickness (30–60 cm), however occasionally the wall is 4-5 cm wider than the base. Common block sizes are 120, 240, and 80 centimeters. One way to lessen the strain on the soil is to build a foundation with an extended sole and one or two ledges that measure 30-40×15-25 cm (HxW). A foundation slab-cushion with reinforcement that is between 60 and 1.6 meters wide and 30 centimeters high is used to widen a prefabricated foundation.

Sequence of installation of floor slabs

First, two steps need to be finished:

1. Preparation. It is important to create the correct level between all supporting walls of the structure. A permissible difference is 1 cm, it is not necessary to eliminate it. A building level is used to check the horizontal plane. A beam is laid between opposite walls and the evenness is checked. If there are small irregularities, they can be eliminated with cement mortar.
2. Next, a distribution belt is made to level the wall. The reinforcement belt is made of M500 cement 1 to 3 with sand. It is important to ensure the cleanliness of the sand, wash and sift it if necessary. The solution is prepared with medium viscosity. The mixture is poured into the formwork and pierced or tamped to remove voids. The solution takes up to 3-4 weeks to dry.

Floor slab installation technology

Four laborers—a machinist, a slinger, and two fitters—as well as a crane are required for the installation of precast reinforced concrete slabs.

The requirement for a 5 cm space between the load-bearing walls and the street side should be factored into the calculations. By putting insulation in the crevice, drafts caused by floor cracks are avoided. In these types of homes, deterioration of the thermal insulation causes drafts, dampness, and coldness.

How to install:

1. Concrete is laid on the prepared cushion of cement mortar on the supporting walls in a layer of 15-20 mm.
2. The panel is lifted by crane and placed on top of the installation site.
3. Fitters unfold the slab to direct it to the desired position. Crowbars will help to accurately place the slab before removing the slings. The correct location implies a place of contact between the wall and the slab of at least 15 cm on each side.
4. The slings are released and a final inspection of the installation is carried out.

A house’s floor slab design is essential to maintaining long-term durability, energy efficiency, and structural integrity. This post will walk you through all of the crucial planning processes, from material selection to load distribution and installation methods. By adhering to these recommendations, you can create a stable and dependable foundation for your house that satisfies your unique design requirements in addition to safety regulations.

Checking the correct installation of floor slabs on supporting load-bearing walls

With a sighting device and a building level, the installation is most accurately determined. The slab needs to be reinstalled if the walls’ differences on opposite sides are greater than 4 mm. On the low side, the mixture is added in large quantities after it is raised and the mortar is adjusted. It is preferable to remove and remix the cement if it has begun to set. The old mixture will no longer get the desired strength, even after adding water. The slabs are fastened if the level is not an issue.

The anchors are welded to the mounting loops in order to secure the reinforced concrete panels. The loops are subsequently fused together. Cement is used to fill in the spaces. Crushed stone is added to the opening (up to 2 cm) to stop the mortar from leaking out below.

Throughout the fastening procedure, the following instruments will be helpful:

• crane;
• compressor unit;
• scaffolding;
• building levels;
• hammers, including jackhammers;
• crowbars;
• trowels;
• hacksaws for metal;
• reservoir or surface for preparing the solution.

Section	Details
Living Room	Standard concrete slab, reinforced, thickness 20 cm
Kitchen	Concrete slab with additional waterproof layer, thickness 20 cm
Bedrooms	Standard concrete slab, reinforced, thickness 20 cm
Bathrooms	Concrete slab with added moisture barrier, thickness 20 cm
Garage	Heavy-duty concrete slab, reinforced, thickness 25 cm

One of the most important steps in guaranteeing the stability and longevity of your home is to plan the floor slabs. You can build a strong foundation that will endure for a long time by carefully evaluating the design, materials, and construction methods.

Working with knowledgeable experts who comprehend the intricacies of floor slab design is crucial. They can guide you through every step of the procedure, from selecting the ideal slab type to guaranteeing correct installation. Their knowledge will be very helpful in steering clear of typical pitfalls and making sure your project stays on schedule.

Never undervalue the significance of careful planning and close attention to detail. The overall durability and strength of your home will be impacted by every choice you make, including the type of reinforcement to use and the thickness of the slabs. Long-term benefits will result from taking the time to do it correctly.

In the end, a well-thought-out floor slab system will give your home a sturdy foundation, enhancing both its comfort and safety. You can guarantee your home is built on a solid and dependable foundation by giving it careful thought and receiving the appropriate advice.

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