Any structure’s stability and longevity depend on proper concrete installation. Whether you’re installing a patio, constructing a driveway, or laying a foundation, knowing the procedures for installing concrete can help you save time and money while guaranteeing a high-quality finish.
Appropriate planning and preparation set the process in motion. This include preparing the site, choosing the appropriate concrete mix type, and making sure all required equipment and supplies are available. Ignoring these steps now may cause issues later on, like weakened structures, uneven surfaces, and cracks.
Concrete needs to be precisely mixed and poured after the site is ready. The integrity of the entire project could be jeopardized by incorrect mixing or pouring, so this step demands close attention to detail. In order to keep yourself and others safe throughout this time-consuming procedure, it’s also critical to adhere to safety precautions.
The curing process starts as soon as the concrete is poured. Although this step is frequently disregarded, it is essential to getting the required strength and durability. Maintaining the ideal moisture and temperature conditions is essential for proper curing because it enables the concrete to solidify and reach its maximum potential.
You can guarantee a successful and long-lasting project by comprehending and adhering to the essential steps of concrete installation. Investing the time to complete a task correctly will pay off in the end, regardless of your level of experience or level of DIY enthusiasm.
| Step | Description |
| Preparation | Gather all necessary materials and tools. Ensure the site is clean and level. |
| Layout | Mark the area where the concrete will be installed using stakes and string. |
| Formwork | Build the forms to hold the concrete in place. Ensure they are level and secure. |
| Mixing | Prepare the concrete mix according to the instructions. Use the correct proportions of water, cement, and aggregate. |
| Pouring | Pour the concrete into the forms, starting at one end and working towards the other. |
| Leveling | Use a screed to level the surface of the concrete. Ensure it is smooth and even. |
| Curing | Allow the concrete to cure properly by keeping it moist. Cover with a plastic sheet if necessary. |
| Finishing | Once the concrete has set, remove the forms and apply any desired finishes, such as troweling or stamping. |
- The concept of laying curb stones
- Regulatory rates
- Rules and requirements for the process
- Tools
- Correct device of curb stones with your own hands
- Consequences of technology violation
- How much does it cost to install curbs?
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The concept of laying curb stones
Curb installation is a series of actions for:
- marking of the territory;
- creating an artificial basis;
- installation of piece elements of sewing for pedestrian and roads, fences for lawns, beds, flower beds and small architectural forms.
The type of object, its mass and dimensions, the amount of work involved, and the state of the soil at the construction site all influence the technology used to install borders.
Regulatory rates
The following regulatory documents’ requirements govern the installation of curb stones:
- SP 82.13330.2016 "landscaping".
- SP 475.1325800.2020 "Parks. Rules for urban planning design of the territory ".
- TR 94.12-99 "Technical regulation. Improvement of territories in buildings and structures under construction ".
When carrying out the capital construction project—which entails enhancing the area or building a high-grade car road of responsibility—the GASN acceptance committee issues directives and verifies that each stage is installed correctly, strictly adhering to the previously mentioned documents.
Rules and requirements for the process
The regulatory documents mentioned above state that the following conditions must be satisfied in order to install curbs:
- All work on landscape design must be carried out in accordance with the working project.
- The degree of compaction of the artificial base when installing curbs must be at least 0.98.
- To fix the curb row, it is necessary to backfill with braided soil, or install a concrete pad.
- Installation work must be preceded by a geodetic breakdown of the front edge of the flanging using high-precision equipment. in this case, it is recommended to use devices with satellite coordinates.
- The permissible gap between curb stones should not exceed 3 – 5 mm, depending on the category of the object.
- The deviation of the installed curbstone from the design planes should be less than 3%.
- When constructing federal, regional or city roads, the curbstone must have a certificate certifying compliance with the requirements of GOST 6665-91 "Concrete and reinforced concrete stones. Technical conditions".
- The excess of the curbstone above the surface of the roadway must be at least 100 – 150 mm to ensure the safety of pedestrians.
Regardless of the area’s natural relief, curbstone installation requires observance of the red marks of vertical planning in addition to the specified requirements. Sometimes this operation calls for building an embankment and then compaction in place of excavating a trench.
For any construction project to be strong and long-lasting, proper concrete installation is essential. The necessary procedures for setting up the job site, preparing the concrete, and properly pouring it are covered in this article. With an emphasis on useful advice and typical blunders to steer clear of, you’ll discover how to accomplish a level, seamless finish that endures. Having a basic understanding of concrete installation will help you complete any size construction project or small DIY project with accuracy.
Tools
The following set of tools is required to install the curb in accordance with all of the aforementioned requirements:
- A level with a GPS sensor for geodetic surveying.
- An excavator with a narrow bucket, or a set of bayonet shovels, depending on the volume of work – for arranging a trench.
- Pegs with nylon cords for marking the area.
- Vibratory rammer for compacting the artificial base.
- Mobile concrete mixer for mixing a bed of rigid cement-sand mixture.
- Ruler, with which the curbstone is marked before cutting.
- An angle grinder or circular saw with a diamond blade for cutting the stone before installing the extensions.
- Manual, tandem, electromechanical or hydraulic grip, with which the curbstone is installed exactly in the design position after its transportation from the pallet.
- Scoop shovels for backfilling the soil base.
- Rubber hammers for adjusting the curb row, in case of minor violation of the geometry during installation.
Tools need to be operational and prepared for use. Construction of a highway or a lengthy city street may also require the use of productive heavy lifting or land management equipment.
Correct device of curb stones with your own hands
When putting in a curb stone, you must adhere to the previously created technology map:
- A working project for landscaping or building a road with sidewalks is analyzed.
- A geodetic breakdown of the territory is carried out with the recording of characteristic points of change of direction, and differences in relief.
- Stakes made of reinforcing steel are driven into the ground, between which a cord is stretched, repeating the front edge of the future curb.
- A trench of the required depth and width is dug for the installation of the flanging.
- A layer of sand and gravel mixture with the design thickness is poured along the bottom of the trench.
- The sand and gravel mixture is rammed to the required degree of compaction – at least 0.95 for garden curbs and from 0.98 for road curbs.
- A rigid cement-sand mixture is mixed in a separate container to form the bed.
- The solution is laid on top of the compacted sand and gravel layer and leveled.
- If there are special requirements in the project, longitudinal reinforcement bars are also installed in the body of the solution.
- Curb stones are fixed with grips and carefully laid in the design position.
- The alignment of the products is adjusted with rubber hammers until the line specified during geodetic breakdown is observed.
- At the final stage, the flanging is covered with a layer of sand or other bulk material.
Since the concrete in the bed needs to regain some of its typical strength, the road surface should not be laid more than one or two days after the curbs are installed.
Complete details on how to install curbs can be found here.
Consequences of technology violation
The following unfavorable outcomes could happen in the event that curb stones are installed without following technological protocols:
- Insufficiently compacted artificial base leads to stone subsidence over time.
- The absence of a bed of cement-sand mixture can cause the collapse of individual stones and their tilt.
- Poor quality geodetic surveying or neglect of red marks will lead to errors in laying the road surface and installing external networks.
- Using metal hammers instead of rubber ones will cause the destruction of fragile building materials.
- Using compacted local soil instead of a sand and gravel layer can lead to it getting wet during floods and unpredictable precipitation.
- Installation of individual stones without grips significantly increases the time of work, and also contributes to injuries, since, when laying manually, there is a violation of safety precautions.
- Extreme curbs must be cut before installation, according to the previously applied markings. The same type of work is performed if it is necessary to install a curvilinear curb line.
The contractor will unavoidably incur expenses as a result of all the aforementioned flaws and their effects. It might be necessary to completely disassemble and reinstall the curbs in order to pass the state commission’s object.
How much does it cost to install curbs?
Numerous installation businesses are available on the market providing curb stone installation and full landscaping services. Because of the intense competition, average retail prices by region for this kind of work are roughly the same, as shown in the following table:
| Concrete curb marking | Excavation work, 1 m. p., rub. | Device of sand and gravel layer, 1 m. p., rub. | Device of concrete pad, 1 m. p., rub. | Installation of curbs, units., rub. | Price increase in the presence of curved lines, radii, circular movements, % |
| BR 100.30.15 | 80 – 100 | 60 – 80 | 150 – 200 | 300 – 400 | 5 |
| BR 300.30.15 | 80 – 100 | 60 – 80 | 150 – 200 | 800 – 1100 | 10 |
| BR 600.300.15-A-IV | 80 – 100 | 60 – 80 | 150 – 200 | 1600 – 2000 | 15 |
| BR 100.30.18 | 100 – 120 | 80 – 100 | 160 – 220 | 500 – 550 | 5 |
| BR 300.thirty.18 | 100 – 120 | 80 – 100 | 160 – 220 | 900 – 1200 | 10 |
| BR 600.30.18-A-IV (A-V) | 100 – 120 | 80 – 100 | 160 – 220 | 1800 – 2200 | 15 |
| BR 100.45.18 | 130 – 150 | 110 – 130 | 200 – 250 | 600 – 700 | 5 |
| BR 300.45.18 | 130 – 150 | 110 – 130 | 200 – 250 | 1100 – 1300 | 10 |
| BR 600.45.18-A-IV (A-V) | 130 – 150 | 110 – 130 | 200 – 250 | 2000 – 2400 | 15 |
| BR 100.60.20 | 160 – 180 | 140 – 160 | 250 – 280 | 800 – 1000 | 5 |
| BR 300.60.20 | 160 – 180 | 140 – 160 | 250 – 280 | 2000 – 2200 | 10 |
| BR 600.60.20-A-IV (A-V) | 160 – 180 | 140 – 160 | 250 – 280 | 2600 – 2800 | 15 |
| GP1 50.30.15 | 80 – 100 | 60 – 80 | 150 – 200 | 300 – 400 | 5 |
| GP1 1000.30.15 | 80 – 100 | 60 – 80 | 150 – 200 | 650 – 700 | 10 |
| GP1 2000.30.15 | 80 – 100 | 60 – 80 | 150 — 200 | 1400 – 1600 | 15 |
| GP2 50.40.18 | 110 – 130 | 80 – 100 | 160 – 220 | 1300 – 1400 | 5 |
| GP2 1000.40.18 | 110 – 130 | 80 – 100 | 160 – 220 | 700 – 750 | 10 |
| GP2 2000.40.18 | 110 – 130 | 800 – 100 | 160 – 220 | 1500 – 1700 | 15 |
| GP3 50.60.20 | 140 – 160 | 130 – 150 | 220 – 260 | 400 – 450 | 5 |
| GP3 1000.60.20 | 140 – 160 | 130 – 150 | 220 – 260 | 900 – 1000 | 10 |
| GP3 2000.60.20 | 140 – 160 | 130 — 150 | 220 – 260 | 2200 – 2600 | 15 |
The estimate establishes the ultimate cost, which is contingent upon several associated factors:
- Distance of the facility from the city.
- Availability of a power cable line at the work site.
- Total volume of installation.
- Type of curbstone used.
- Need for heavy construction equipment equipment.
- Object category.
- Project availability.
- Elevation difference.
- Groundwater level.
- Natural foundation soil quality.
- Additional project requirements and customer wishes.
In addition to the previously mentioned factors, the contractor’s internal pricing policy, seasonality, and the urgency of the work may also have an impact on the final cost.
For any project to be strong and durable, concrete must be installed properly. A long-lasting, high-quality finish can be achieved by using the proper techniques and following the right procedures.
First, make sure the site is ready. Make sure the ground is stable and clear the area of any debris. Over time, a well-prepared base will keep the concrete from sinking and cracking.
Correct concrete mixing is just as crucial. To determine the proper water-to-cement ratio, refer to the manufacturer’s instructions. While too little water can make the concrete difficult to work with, too much water can weaken the concrete.
Use caution and speed when pouring the concrete. Evenly distribute it and smooth the surface with floats and screeds, among other tools. Maintaining the concrete’s moisture content for a few days is crucial for proper curing, which will enable it to reach its maximum strength.
You can guarantee a successful concrete installation by paying close attention to these essential steps. Whether it’s a small do-it-yourself project or a larger construction job, this meticulous approach will produce a solid and long-lasting result.
