How to apply warm plaster for the facade (for internal and external work)

An increasingly common option for insulating walls, both inside and out, is warm plaster. This ground-breaking material is perfect for energy-efficient buildings because it combines the advantages of conventional plaster with enhanced thermal insulation capabilities.

Not only does warm plastering help to keep interior temperatures comfortable, but it also lowers energy expenses. Because of its adaptability, it can be applied to a range of surfaces, improving the thermal efficiency of both newly built homes and renovated ones.

We’ll walk you through the steps of applying warm plaster to your facade in this guide. From surface preparation to the final finish, we’ll take care of everything to make sure your project is effective and long-lasting.

Step	Description
1. Surface Preparation	Clean the wall surface from dirt, dust, and loose particles. Ensure it is dry and smooth.
2. Primer Application	Apply a suitable primer to improve the adhesion of the plaster to the wall. Let it dry completely.
3. Mixing the Plaster	Mix the warm plaster with water according to the manufacturer"s instructions until a uniform consistency is achieved.
4. First Layer Application	Apply the first layer of plaster using a trowel. Ensure it is evenly spread and about 1 cm thick.
5. Embedding Mesh	Embed a reinforcing mesh into the first layer while it is still wet to improve durability.
6. Second Layer Application	Apply the second layer of plaster, smoothing it out and ensuring it is level. The thickness should be around 2 cm.
7. Finishing	Once the plaster is semi-dry, smooth the surface using a trowel or float to achieve the desired texture.
8. Curing	Allow the plaster to cure slowly by keeping it slightly moist for a few days to prevent cracks.
9. Painting or Coating	After the plaster has fully cured, you can paint or apply a protective coating as needed.

What is warm plaster

Cement, glue, plasticizers, and additional components found in other comparable finishing agents make up the multicomponent mixture that is thermal insulation plaster. The incorporation of hollow additives is this building material’s primary characteristic.

• particles of foamed glass;
• granular polystyrene foam;
• sawdust;
• pumice crumbs;
• thoroughly crushed straw;
• expanded clay;
• vermiculite, etc.D.

The material’s uniform porosity is attained as a result of the hollow additives. Plaster contains plasticizers that give the mixture elasticity, a high degree of adhesion to the surface, and increased resistance to temperature extremes. This lowers the possibility that the coating will crack while in use. If required, you can use your hands to create a dry mixture of warm facade plaster.

Advantages and disadvantages

Before utilizing this composition, consider the benefits and drawbacks of warm plaster and any other type of facade insulation.

• ease of applying the mass;
• high plasticity of the mixture;
• increased frost resistance;
• no need to use reinforcing stack;
• high water resistance;
• compliance with fire safety requirements;
• absence of cold bridges when covering the surface;
• high adhesive properties of the composition;
• good vapor permeability of the coating;
• prevents rodents from entering the room;
• high soundproofing properties;
• does not require preliminary leveling of the walls;
• resistant to ultraviolet radiation and vibration;
• strength of the finished coating to mechanical impact, etc.d.

Warm plaster comes with a number of drawbacks. The primary one is that it must be primed and finished with ornamental materials. In this instance, finishing work is contingent upon the drying of the plaster layer.

Furthermore, one should consider that the substance is extremely thick. Although it is made of lightweight materials, a thick layer of plaster needs to be applied in order to prevent heat loss. Before beginning work, the foundation must frequently be strengthened further because this could result in an additional load.

One of the drawbacks of heat-insulating plaster is that it has a lower thermal conductivity coefficient than insulation materials like mineral wool, polyurethane foam, and polystyrene foam. The expensive price of this material is another drawback.

Application areas

The walls of homes, cottages, and other residential structures are typically designed with the most popular type of heat-saving plaster. Furthermore, this material is in high demand for external door and window slope finishing. Such plaster is less frequently used to insulate walls from the inside. This stops cold bridges from forming.

The finishing material is often applied to buildings that were constructed using the "well masonry" principle in order to decorate their exterior. In this instance, the remaining spaces are filled with warm plaster intended for external work. Moreover, this substance is used to prevent water and sewer pipes from freezing during the winter.

Calculation of the thickness of the plaster layer

The thickness of the warm plaster layer needed for the facade is calculated while accounting for SNiP 23-02-2003. It has been determined that walls can lose as much as 35% of heat. The total surface area, the difference in temperature between the inside and outside, and numerous other factors all affect the total volume of heat loss.

The thermal conductivity coefficient (λ) considers the amount of heat transferred between media at different temperatures after one meter squared.

• cement lime with sand – 0.87;
• gypsum – 0.35;
• lime with sand – 0.81;
• gypsum with perlite – 0.23;
• clay with sawdust – 0.29;
• cement with perlite – 0.3 and t.d.

Since the thermal conductivity coefficient is equal to unity, 1 W of heat will be lost for every meter of wall thickness. Nevertheless, the following computation of heat loss will be made if the latter indicator is 20 cm rather than 1 m: 1: 0.2 times 5 W. In the event that the temperature differential is 7°C rather than 1°C, the losses will be greater: 35 W is 5 x 7. Utilizing the formula R = d/λ, where d is the material’s thickness, one can calculate thermal resistance.

Types of thermal insulation mixtures for plastering

The type of binding element used in thermal insulation plaster for external work varies and can include gypsum, cement, or another material. The type of filler used determines how well a room can withstand cold temperatures by supplying a suitable amount of porosity to the finished surface.

Straw based

For a very long time, plastering walls and ceilings in residential buildings involved the use of straw and clay. Although it can also be used for exterior decoration, this warm plaster works well for interior work.

In addition to having voids, the material serves as reinforcement. It was put on the shingles directly. The final coating is permeable and facilitates good water vapor transmission. This aids in preserving a typical indoor microclimate. The material’s lengthy drying time is its primary drawback.

These days, modern plaster mixtures are more frequently used in place of a clay base. In such a base, plasticizers and other additives that will prevent the coating from cracking and guarantee consistent adherence to the wall are added along with finely chopped straw. The applied composition dries quickly, but they lessen the finished surface’s vapor permeability.

Sawdust-based plaster

Sawdust has a thermal conductivity coefficient of 0.06-0.07 W/(m2•°C), making it an excellent choice for thermal insulation of the home’s facade. Cement, gypsum, clay, and lime can be the foundation. Plaster that contains sawdust is more appropriate for interior work because it is a good moisture-absorber. The finished coating needs to be shielded from moisture and other external finishing elements when using the composition.

Polystyrene as a filler

The thermal insulation properties of polystyrene are good. Cement is the foundation for the production of prefabricated insulating plaster, which includes tiny granules of this material. You can create this kind of warm plaster by hand if you’d like. The only negative aspect is that when it burns, harmful compounds are released. When the material is utilized for external finishing, this drawback is neutralized.

Plaster mixture with the addition of foamed glass

Foamed glass granules up to 2 mm in diameter are used in the plaster-making process. These balls contain microscopic air bubbles. This filler doesn’t burn and doesn’t mind getting wet. Plaster that is heat-insulating also exhibits heightened resistance to external influences.

Mixtures based on perlite, vermiculite and expanded clay

When water comes into contact with obsidian hydroxide, perlite, a granule of natural origin, forms. A high level of porosity is a characteristic of this material. The hygroscopicity of perlite, which can reach 40%, is its only drawback. This material offers excellent thermal insulation in plasters, but moisture must be kept out of them.

When heated, hydromica swells and fills with air, giving rise to vermiculite. It is made into prefabricated round granules. Furthermore, ready-made plastering mixtures with this material included are currently available for purchase.

Although vermiculite is highly hygroscopic and has antiseptic qualities, it still needs extra moisture protection.

Some clays that melt slowly can be fired to create expanded clay chips. These granules are available in a variety of sizes, but samples that have a diameter of no more than 5 mm are added to insulating mixtures. The thermal conductivity of the material is low.

Basic rules for applying plaster for insulation

It is recommended that work on the facade insulation be done between +5 and +30 °C. When making the mixture, it is crucial to adhere to the manufacturer’s instructions.

1. Preparing the facade surface for insulation.
2. Preparing a plaster solution from a dry mix.
3. Applying several layers of insulating composition.
4. Surfacing the surface and processing with protective compounds.

Do -it -yourself cooking

You can make your own dry plaster mixture at a lower cost. Creating a composite composition is advised because it improves the facade’s insulation.

• cement M400 and higher — 1 part;
• perlite — 3 parts;
• polystyrene — 1 part;
• polypropylene fiber — 50 g.

To the composition, a plasticizer must also be added. Clay or lime can be used. Adding liquid soap is acceptable, but only up to two to three liters for every twenty liters of mixture. You can buy a product to make the plaster more moisture-resistant, which will enhance its qualities. Once the dry mixture is watered down, use a construction mixer to mix it until it turns pasty.

DIY application technology

Using a sprayer, first completely wet the prepared surface. Put beacons in place after this. Next, you must gather the solution onto a spatula and spread it across the wall. In this instance, adhesion requires pressing the mixture to the surface. There should be only one centimeter of layer. You have to give the coating time to dry.

Up to 2.5 cm thick layers are applied after that. The surface has been leveled with care. Once the solution has been set initially, the beacons should be taken out and the mixture should be poured into the remaining holes. The dried plaster is the base for the final finishing.

Preparatory work

The old decorative coating must be removed in order to prepare the facade’s surface. The whitewash needs to be removed in particular. Cement mortar is used to fill in potholes and cracks. After that, a primer is applied to the surface. Plaster cannot be applied until it has dried.

Mixture consumption

The thickness of the application determines how much material is used. For every 1 m², 10 to 14 kg of solution will be needed if the layer is 2.5 cm thick. For every 1 m2 of surface area, 16 to 25 kg of plaster will be required for the 5 cm layer of insulation on the facade.

Work on the reinforcing layer

Fiberglass or plastic mesh should be used if a thick layer of thermal insulation plaster is intended to be used to insulate the facade. The solution is first put to use. There shouldn’t be more than 1.5 cm of it. Subsequently, the grid is installed, exhibiting a slight sheen to the bulk. After that, you must let the mixture dry. You can then begin applying the subsequent layer of the solution.

Manufacturers and prices

Plastering mixtures are a common product of building material manufacturers; they are used to warm facades.

One kilogram of dry mix typically costs between 17 and 28 rubles. More costly options, however, come with a price tag of 45 rubles.

A simple way to improve your building’s aesthetic appeal and thermal efficiency is to apply warm plaster to the facade. This adaptable material is a sensible option for a range of building requirements because it can be used for both interior and exterior work.

The preparation of the surface, the plaster’s mixing, and its uniform application are the three main steps in the process. Plaster needs to adhere to a clean, stable surface in order to work properly. Care should be taken during the mixing and application process to prevent air pockets and guarantee a smooth finish.

Warm plaster shields your structure from the outside elements in addition to providing insulation. By preserving a constant interior temperature, its insulating qualities can assist in lowering energy expenses. It also adds to the structure’s longevity by offering a strong layer that is resistant to weather.

In conclusion, warm plaster is a practical way to strengthen insulation and safeguard your structure. It can provide long-term advantages in terms of durability and energy savings when used properly. Warm plaster is a dependable choice for improving the functionality and aesthetics of your building, whether it is for a new project or renovation.

Warm plastering facades—both inside and out—involves a simple procedure that improves energy efficiency and insulation. This kind of plaster is simple to mix and apply, and it contains insulating materials like vermiculite or perlite. It creates a smooth, protective layer that keeps buildings cool in the summer and warm in the winter. To achieve the best results, clean and prime the surface, mix the plaster per the manufacturer’s instructions, and trowel it on evenly. For a polished finish, use a smoothing tool to finish. Applying it correctly prolongs the life of the building’s exterior and interior surfaces in addition to improving thermal performance.

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