GOST foam concrete: basic requirements of the interstate standard

A popular and adaptable building material, foam concrete is renowned for its ease of application, low weight, and ability to withstand heat. This unusual building material’s affordability and environmental advantages have led to its rising popularity. However, foam concrete needs to adhere to strict requirements outlined by the interstate GOST regulations in order to guarantee consistent quality and performance.

GOST standards are crucial directives that specify the technical, safety, and quality attributes of different building materials, including foam concrete. These standards are essential because they ensure that the material satisfies the requirements for dependable and secure construction, which benefits manufacturers, builders, and consumers alike.

The fundamental specifications of the GOST standards for foam concrete will be discussed in this article. We will examine the main topics covered by these rules, including durability, strength, density, and heat conductivity. Anyone working with foam concrete must be aware of these specifications in order to ensure that the material’s full potential is utilized in all projects.

Builders can achieve consistent quality in their construction projects, resulting in longer-lasting, safer, and more efficient structures, by following GOST standards. This overview of GOST foam concrete requirements will give you important insights into one of the most cutting-edge building materials available today, whether you’re a professional in the construction industry or just interested in learning more about building materials.

Requirement	Description
Density	Foam concrete must meet specified density levels to ensure proper strength and insulation.
Compressive Strength	The concrete should have a minimum compressive strength suitable for its intended use.
Thermal Conductivity	It should have low thermal conductivity for good insulation properties.
Water Absorption	The water absorption rate must be within acceptable limits to prevent structural damage.
Fire Resistance	Foam concrete should provide adequate fire resistance according to standards.
Durability	The material must be durable and resistant to weathering and wear over time.
Size and Shape Tolerance	Blocks must conform to specific size and shape tolerances for consistent construction.

The GOST standard for foam concrete delineates fundamental prerequisites that guarantee consistency and quality in building supplies. These rules outline the qualities foam concrete must have, like strength, density, and thermal insulation capacity, to guarantee that the material satisfies performance and safety requirements in a range of applications. By being aware of these specifications, contractors and builders can make more informed choices that lead to dependable and long-lasting structures.

Technical requirements for foam concrete

Let’s start by talking about the fundamental specifications for the ingredients used to create the mixture and familiarizing ourselves with the typical product sizes and any allowed deviations from them.

Ratio of sizes and types of blocks

Products’ sizes have to match the kind of block, which is determined by density. Let’s think about utilizing a table.

Foam concrete GOST: conformity with product categories and dimensions

Block type	Product size for laying on mortar	Product size for laying on glue
I	188*300*588	198*295*598
II	188*200*588	198*245*598
III	188*200*588,

It is also possible to manufacture products in different sizes with the consent of the prospective customer. The products that are placed on glue can have a thickness that is the same as the block, which needs to be placed with mortar.

Concrete foam blocks, GOST 21520 89. Block kind and proportion of density:

Product type	Density grade, D
500, 600, 700	800	900	1000	1100	1200
I	+	Not recommended	Not recommended	No recommended	Not recommended	Not recommended
II	+
III	+
IV	Not recommended	Not recommended
V	+	+	+	+	+
VI	Not recommended
VII	Not recommended
VIII	+
IX
X	+

Composition, properties of the material and requirements for raw materials

Sand, cement, water, lime, foaming agent, and modified additives are combined to create foam concrete, a substance that can raise the caliber of subsequent goods.

Foam concrete is unique among building materials because of the inclusion of a foaming agent in the composition, which gives the material a cellular structure.

First of all, this concerns the thermal conductivity coefficient and its relationship with density. However, in addition to the above, the material is endowed with other properties that are no less important in the construction and operation of various types of structures.

GOST for foam concrete blocks: characteristics of the material

Please take note that these values represent the material when it is dry. Without a doubt, humidity will have an impact on this indicator and greatly raise it.

It is not unusual for masonry and finishing to develop cracks due to shrinkage.

Kindly take note! It is possible to correct this fact. Plaster can be used to cover cracks.

The following shrinkage requirements are set by GOST 25485-89:

1. Density grade 600–1200 for non-autoclaved foam concrete made on sand should not exceed 0.5 mm/m2.If other siliceous components are used, the maximum should not exceed 0.7 mm/m2.

2. 3 mm/m2 – average density 600–1200 for non-autoclaved products.

Attention! The required thickness depends on several factors, the main ones being: the region and its climatic conditions, the desired intensity of future insulation, etc.

The following are the raw material requirements as per GOST 25485-89:

• The following binders are used to make the mixture: cement, lime, slag, ash;
• The following are used as silica components: ash, sand, and ore enrichment products;
• It is also acceptable to use other materials that can preserve the required physical and technical properties in finished products;
• It is allowed to use foaming agents based on: caustic soda, bone glue, pine rosin, hide glue and some other components;
• The following can be used as additives: potassium carbonate, liquid glass, superplasticizer and other additives;

Classification of products in accordance with GOST

GOST 25485-89 classifies foam concrete and products made from it into multiple categories. Let’s look at the table.

Varieties of foam concrete and the range of uses for them:

Factors (indicators) determining the classification	Types of foam concrete	Brief description
Depending on the average density of products, foam concrete can be	Structural and heat-insulating	The most common type of foam concrete among private developers. Has a density of 500-900 kg/m3. Used in the construction of partitions, walls.
	Structural	Characterized by increased strength and density. Its density varies from 900 to 1200 kg/m3. Used in the construction of load-bearing structures. Capable of withstanding significant loads.

Take note! Denser foam concrete is also available. We refer to it as structural porosity. The value can go as high as 1600 kg/m3. It is made in response to orders.

It can be identified by its grayer color and reduced indicators of attributes.

As was previously mentioned, foam concrete is also utilized in the production of lintels. Foam concrete lintels come in two varieties, according to GOST: a monolithic product and a product shaped like the Latin letter U.

Foam concrete products with one or two faced sides are produced in addition to traditional wall blocks. They don’t need to be finished later.

The use of liquid foam concrete is just as common. A manufacturing technology enables mortar to be continuously produced on the construction site.

Screeds, underfloor heating foundations, and monolithic structures are all made with this kind of material.

This article’s video provides helpful information about foam concrete homes.

Now, let’s quickly review the GOST differences between autoclaved and non-autoclaved foam concrete.

Autoclaved and non-autoclaved foam concrete: the main technical differences:

Type of foam concrete	Density grade, D	Autoclaved foam concrete		Non-autoclaved foam concrete
Compressive strength, class B	Frost resistance	Compressive strength, class B	Frost resistance
Thermal insulation	300	0.75 0.50	No standardized	—	—
400	1.5 1	0.75 0.5	Not standardized
500	—	—	1 0.75
Structural and thermal insulation	500	2.5 2 1.5 1	15-35	—	—
600	3.5 2.5 2 1.5	15-75	2 1	15-35
700	5 3.5 2.5 2	15-100	2.5 2 1.5	15-50
800	7.5 5 3.5 2.5	3.5 2.5 2	15-75
900	10 7.5 5 3.5	15-75	5 3.5 2.5	15-75
Structural	1000	12.5 10 7.5	15-50	7.5 5	15-5
1100	15 12.5 10	10 7.5
1200	15 12.5	12.5 10

Basic rules for acceptance, transportation and storage

Let us now examine the circumstances and prerequisites that must be met for product acceptance to take place. Let’s take a quick look at the storage and transportation regulations.

Acceptance conditions

The following tasks are completed before accepting the batch:

• Acceptance of foam concrete and products made from it is carried out in accordance with GOST 13015.1.
• Density, strength and release moisture are checked for each batch separately.
• Thermal conductivity, shrinkage and frost resistance are monitored once before the start of mass production. And also if changes have been made to the composition of the foam concrete mixture.
• Subsequent inspections are systematic and are carried out at least once a year.
• It is also mandatory to carry out checks regarding sorption humidity, elastic modulus, vapor permeability and sound insulation.

Once all of the aforementioned procedures have been completed, the batch is deemed acceptable if the quantity of returned goods does not surpass the average. Products are examined individually and accepted if their quantity is too large for acceptance. Control is applied in this instance with respect to indicators that failed the test.

Transportation of products and storage

1. Transportation of foam concrete products can be carried out by any type of transport. In this case, the requirements for loading, unloading and securing products must be observed.

1. It must be secured so that it is in the most immobile state.
2. Most often, products are transported on pallets or in containers. Products must be protected from external influences (film, for example).
3. It is prohibited to transport the material in bulk, unloading by dropping is also contraindicated.
4. All products must be accompanied by documentation during transportation.

Both closed and open spaces can be used to store products. Pallets have to be of the standard variety. Once more, goods need to be shielded from precipitation.

Methods of quality control of the material and compliance with requirements

In order to ensure compliance with the GOST indicators, foam concrete and its products must undergo quality control. Let’s use the table to look at the primary ones.

Key control techniques and their components:

Sale humidity	Essence of methods
Compressive strength	Control is carried out by placing samples of the required size under a press, with the help of which a load is applied to them. Gradually it is increased until destruction.

Following that, the proper measurements are made in relation to weight and strength variations.

For foam concrete to be consistently high-quality and used in construction projects, GOST standards are essential. The essential properties of foam concrete, including density, strength, and thermal conductivity, are outlined in these standards. Manufacturers can create foam concrete that satisfies the performance specifications needed for a range of building applications by following these guidelines.

The importance placed by GOST standards on quality control throughout the production process is one of its main features. This entails routine testing of the finished product and raw materials to guarantee that the requirements are met. Regular quality control guarantees that the foam concrete functions as intended under actual circumstances and aids in the prevention of defects.

GOST standards also cover the effects of foam concrete production on the environment. These guidelines reduce the environmental impact of building projects by encouraging the use of eco-friendly materials and placing restrictions on the use of specific chemicals. This is especially crucial given the current climate of growing consciousness regarding sustainability and the requirement to lessen the carbon footprint of building materials.

To sum up, GOST standards for foam concrete are essential to the construction sector because they guarantee the material’s performance, quality, and environmental impact. Following these guidelines enables producers to create dependable foam concrete, promoting safer and more environmentally friendly building methods. Using foam concrete that satisfies GOST standards gives developers and builders confidence in the material’s performance and peace of mind.

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