Concrete floors

Because of their strength and adaptability, concrete floors are a popular option for both residential and commercial spaces. They offer a durable, robust surface that can withstand high traffic and different environmental circumstances. Concrete floors are a useful option that can resist deterioration while retaining their visual appeal in both residential and commercial settings.

The minimal maintenance needed for concrete floors is one of their key benefits. In contrast to alternative flooring choices, concrete doesn’t need to be replaced or refinished frequently. A concrete floor can endure for decades with the right sealing and periodic cleaning, making it an economical option over time.

Concrete floors can also be tailored to match any interior design aesthetic. To get the desired look, they can be polished, stained, or even textured. Concrete floors can be customized to fit your vision, whether it’s a more rustic feel or a sleek, modern appearance.

All things considered, concrete floors are a valuable option for a variety of applications because they combine practicality with aesthetic flexibility. They are a popular option for a wide range of spaces due to their robustness, simplicity of upkeep, and design options.

Purpose

One of the key components used in the construction of buildings is concrete flooring. Their purpose is to establish a connection.

• basement with rooms;
• first floor with the second;
• roof with the house.

And are additionally employed for the horizontal screed of structures and buildings.

Requirements for floors

Concrete floors must meet the following specifications:

• have the required strength;
• must not contain deformations and must be rigid and have a long service life;
• an important property in a concrete floor is its maximum fire resistance, water resistance and the absence of the ability to penetrate air;
• the concrete structure between floors must have sound insulation and thermal insulation.

Types

Concrete floor types are classified into the following categories:

• attic;
• basement;
• interfloor.

Additionally, concrete floors can be:

• hollow, which is often used in construction where interfloor floors are required for houses made of concrete, blocks and bricks;
• ribbed, used in the manufacture of roofs for industrial buildings where there is no heating of the premises;
• monolithic, which is a reinforced concrete element and is characterized by increased strength, used in the construction of buildings and structures with a large number of storeys.

Materials and tools for manufacturing

As you perform manual labor on concrete floors, get ready with the following supplies and equipment:

• concrete pump;
• probe;
• container;
• buckets;
• jack;
• building level;
• plywood with moisture resistance;
• boards;
• steel reinforcement;
• wire;
• concrete mortar or components for its preparation with your own hands: sand, water, cement and various additives to increase the strength of the mortar.

Concrete floors combine strength, low maintenance, and design flexibility, making them a resilient and adaptable option for a range of spaces. Concrete floors can be customized with finishes, colors, and patterns to fit any aesthetic, and their durability ensures that they withstand heavy use and impact in both residential and commercial buildings. Concrete floors are inexpensive, easy to clean and maintain, and have a sleek, contemporary appearance that goes well with a variety of interior design schemes.

How to calculate parameters?

Investing in premium materials is crucial when working with concrete floors. Concrete grades 250 and 400, which include heavy fillers, should be used to create a building mixture that will be used to fill the structure. When constructing partitions by hand, it’s critical to accurately determine the material’s primary characteristics. Two primary properties are compared as the basis for the calculation:

• strength of the reinforcing structure;
• acting load on the slab.

Slab calculations are predicated on the following metrics:

• intensity of constant loads;
• forces in sections with a large load;
• axial rigidity.

The process of calculating monolithic floors involves figuring out each of their constituent parts. Prior to installing a reinforcing mesh made of steel rods connected with wire, formwork made of thick plywood must be constructed. Partition calculations are performed by designers and specialized computer programs.

Factors like load and strength are used to calculate strength.

Use this information to determine the slab’s maximum bending:

• design resistance of reinforcement and concrete;
• reinforcement A400 C class.

The following computations are included in the parameter determination process:

• area of ​​working reinforcement;
• linear load on beams;
• required moment of resistance;
• maximum moment in the cross-section of beams.

The compilation of building codes and regulations contains formulas and constants.

Device of formwork for the floor

The process of installing plywood on horizontal supports is part of the formwork erecting technology. You must be aware of the size and volume of the intended floor in order to choose the appropriate quantity of materials. The span’s dimensions and potential loads determine the structure’s thickness. In order for the formwork to support the weight of reinforced concrete for an extended period of time, it is constructed with increased strength that prevents deformation.

When selecting boards for formwork, it’s important to consider their strength and thickness. The structure is measured using a construction laser level to determine the span height and floor level prior to installation. When installing homemade racks, their length is measured to match the height of the structure where the beam’s first layer is to be constructed.

It is crucial to keep in mind that the distance should be greater than one cubic meter. Place on the floor on a level, highly durable surface. The formwork is then installed after the transverse beam is laid with a half-meter step. Use a construction level to ensure that the top of the structure is horizontal following the installation of the formwork.

When boards are used in place of plywood sheets, there are no spaces between them, and moisture-resistant material can be placed on top. Sides are installed along all edges of the formwork and fastened at the corners of the structure to prevent deformation from the mortar.

When manually installing the formwork, it’s crucial to keep in mind a few guidelines:

• exclude the formation of holes, cracks through which a solution of concrete can leak during the filling;
• Check the strength of the jacks installed under the formwork;
• To build formwork, a moisture -resistant plywood is used;
• The formwork should be as strong as possible, because the quality of the constructed structure depends on it;
• The installation of formwork should be carried out both in area and around the perimeter of the room, which will protect from the flow of concrete mixture.

Reinforcement

Reinforcement of partitions between floors is necessary, and it can be done after the formwork is installed. One or two layers of reinforcement are used for the formwork when reinforcing structures. Twenty by twenty centimeters of reinforcement mesh is put in place, with the first row placed on top of a protective layer to guarantee even distribution of the concrete mixture beneath the reinforcement.

If connecting reinforcement elements is required, there should be a minimum seventy centimeter overlap. In order to preserve proportion, only perpendicularity should be guaranteed when placing a second layer of reinforcement mesh on top of the first row, with the same step of twenty centimeters. Steel wire and a unique hook made for connecting reinforcement are fastened at the intersection of the reinforcement rods. A similar procedure is followed for the first layer and the second layer is laid when creating a two-layer frame using sections of reinforcement rods; the distance between layers must be at least three centimeters.

Pouring floors

Pour concrete into slab structures after formwork and reinforcement are installed. Since the solution has the tendency to harden quickly, it is crucial to move quickly when concreting. Cement, sand, crushed stone, and water are the ingredients used to make concrete. The dry ingredients are combined in a concrete mixer, and water is added gradually to the mixture until the desired consistency is reached. The mixture is continuously poured during the concreting process, and deep vibrators are used to compact the mixture.

Concrete can be poured by hand or with the aid of a concrete pump. A laser level is used to check the consistency of the laid mixture during the concreting process, which is crucial. Concrete should be allowed to harden in an environment with ideal humidity and temperature. The solution should also be shielded from sunlight and precipitation. The solution will crack if the laid mixture is overheated; concrete should harden naturally.

Only after the concrete solution has reached its maximum strength characteristics are mechanical impacts permitted on laid slabs. Water should be sprayed on the laid concrete solution on a regular basis, and waterproofing material is poured over the poured surface to prevent moisture from seeping into the mixture. Following the final drying of the solution, the formwork is dismantled.

High-quality materials, concrete grade 250 or 400 with heavy fillers, and labor and cost-saving computations are used in the manufacturing process to ensure the floor’s high strength.

For many spaces, concrete floors provide a strong and adaptable solution. They are perfect for high-traffic areas, whether in residential or commercial settings, due to their durability and strength.

Video on the topic

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Tin. The slab collapsed when pouring concrete

Is a second layer of reinforcement needed in the floor? Knitting of reinforcement. Reinforcement brackets.