Characteristics, scope of application, installation features of a hinged curb

A versatile and crucial component of contemporary construction is the hinged curb, sometimes referred to as an overhanging curb. The purpose of these curbs is to give different surfaces—like driveways, garden paths, and sidewalks—a crisp, defined edge. They do useful tasks like stopping soil erosion and preserving the integrity of paved surfaces in addition to improving an area’s aesthetic appeal.

Flexibility is one of the primary features of a hinged curb. It can be installed in a variety of locations, including businesses and residential buildings. Because of its versatility, landscapers and builders favor it. It is perfect for areas that need regular maintenance or adjustments because of its hinged design, which makes installation and adjustment simple.

Hinged curbs have a broad range of applications in suburban and urban settings. They are frequently observed near roadsides, in parking lots, and in parks. They are especially helpful in areas that receive a lot of rainfall or frequent irrigation because they can form a tidy border while still enabling effective drainage.

Although it is simple to install, there are a few details to pay attention to. Usually, the procedure entails preparing the ground, positioning the curb, and fastening it firmly using the proper fasteners. To avoid any problems down the road, it’s critical to check that the curb is level and positioned correctly. The lifespan of the curb can be increased with routine maintenance, such as cleaning debris and looking for loose fasteners.

Characteristic	Description
Material	Typically made of concrete or stone
Durability	Resistant to weather and wear
Installation	Installed with adhesive or mortar
Use	Commonly used for edging sidewalks and gardens
Maintenance	Requires minimal upkeep

Possible modifications of curbs and photos

An alternative term for a hinged curb stone is a hinged curb (curb), which has a rotary hinged joint. The term "arrow-shaped" is also occasionally used.

The product type "Ш" is short for this one. BRSH, for instance, is a hinged curb stone.

Curbs with hinged joints must meet the same specifications as other similar products in terms of material (concrete), length, width, and height. Comparable production techniques are employed.

The only difference between these products—curbs in all their forms—is that the first end has a recess running the full height of the vertical, while the second end has a bulge or a spherical, cylindrical piece that slides into a corresponding cutout on the neighboring block. In this instance, the products can be turned at the appropriate angle in relation to one another.

There are other types that have straight segments close to the protrusion or ones that resemble sharp spikes, but they are not hinged segments because they cannot rotate. As a result, you cannot adjust the part to the desired position or set the desired angle of position.

In other words, there is no movement to the sides at an angle because the groove/tenon connection is tight. Such roadblocks occasionally appear on walkways close to tall buildings and date back to the Soviet era.

Many types of curb stones with hinges:

• Classic modification – one end is arched (convex), the second with a cutout for it. Such products are also called arrow-shaped. There is a limitation – the minimum possible angle of two joined segments is 150°; a subspecies can be called decorative posts with the same design, their angle range is full.
• At one end there is a cutout, the second is not rounded, but made in the form of a column-cylinder, which expands the range of positions compared to the classic version, such products are especially good at decorating corners.
• One end with a cutout/protrusion, the second is ordinary, straight. Such specimens are placed at corners, at the ends of lines.

The picture shows a hinged curb:

Purpose and scope of use

There are no limitations on the installation method for the rotary curbstone, which can be used for borders as well as curbs (rises above the surface or flush with it). There are no safety measures for laying on slopes. Apart from the minor restriction on the corners that we previously mentioned, there are no safety measures related to the hinged geometry at the ends.

The hinged curbstone can theoretically be used for the same objects as a regular curb or curb. However, there is a crucial disclaimer: the prevalence is influenced by the patterns followed in any field, financial concerns, and ease of replacement. Such on-board stones, for instance, are uncommon, but they are more frequently used in gardens, private spaces, and pedestrian walkways—purely characteristic areas.

It is widely acknowledged that these products are more ornamental than functional, even though they perform better than those with smooth ends. With the help of these blocks, you can straighten uneven areas and enhance aesthetics in a variety of scenarios, such as where a line is not closed and needs blocks with a flat end to embellish its end.

Characteristics of BS’s popularity that vary depending on the object, like:

• The most common rotary border in the design of private sections, objects where decorativeness, beautiful design are required, for garden and bicycle paths, lawns, flower beds, in parks, squares, on pedestrian zones, similar urban locations. There is no need for such large and reinforced blocks as for highways, which are not usually made articulated. The sites in the listed places often have many curved lines, turns, corners, and BS for ease of installation is the best solution possible for them.
• Less often, or rather almost never used for highways, solid roads. At these sites they place not sidewalk, garden, but road types of stones. These products are larger and heavier. There is no special aesthetics required, there are few significant curvatures, the manufacture of hinge elements for such areas is impractical. In addition, products for these locations are often reinforced, which increases the complexity of manufacturing BS. In addition, the potential of this geometry in the listed situations is unclaimed. However, for small roads, for example, in courtyards, on private territory, stones with curly rotating joints are placed quite often.

Apart from the articulated ones, there are also radius, curved, or arched, and narrowed blocks. They can be viewed as competitors to articulated products, but the particular curvature of the path or area that needs to be designed may not always be accommodated by their geometry parameters.

Though they are uncommon on the market, patterned products can, like any other, have articulated ends. If you choose blocks with an appropriate radius, this is a great option.

However, since you just need to put together the necessary form for pouring, making an articulated joint on any kind of concrete curbstone is not very difficult. As a result, producing such goods to order at the same cost is entirely feasible.

Therefore, designing pathways with significant, frequent sharp curves and turns, as well as separating sidewalks from flower beds and lawns, are the best uses for articulated curbstones. When there are numerous bends in the paved area, BS will give it a polished appearance.

The fact that rotary curbstones can be positioned or connected at a variety of angles with respect to one another is a major benefit. Since the blocks come in various lengths, it is possible to minimize angularity by covering curvatures of any steepness.

A hinged curb is a flexible solution that provides well-defined edges and efficiently controls water flow in a variety of construction projects. The major qualities of hinged curbs, such as their adaptability in design and longevity, will be discussed in this article. We will also talk about their many uses, including in landscape areas and on pavements and roads. We’ll also go over the key components of the installation, making sure you know the realistic measures and things to take into account for a smooth setup. Regardless of your level of experience, this guide is meant to make the idea of hinged curbs simple and easy to understand.

Regulatory framework

Therefore, hinged joints can be installed on curbstones of any type, including those that are specified in GOST 6665 (besides the ones mentioned below, there are template and ramp types that have a drain tray).

Since all GOSTs, SNiPs, and comparable standards are advisory in nature, producing curbstones in other forms is acceptable. Technical requirements, recommendations, and standards, for instance, are established by manufacturing companies and can serve as a foundation for a virtually infinite number of additional modifications.

Curbstones for standardized objects are required to adhere to the regulations set forth by highly specialized acts; for highways, for instance, GOST 32961 applies. You should still abide by the rules even if the location is not standardized because they ensure dependability and account for all the subtleties of safety.

In private areas, for instance, there are no standards; users can use any product, but the quality will be in doubt if they use an uncertified border. A poor-quality stone will most likely crack after 1-2 years from the effects of frost and moisture. Only products that meet international standards, such as ISO, are deemed high-quality and are certified by the government, in accordance with GOSTs.

Side stone shapes from tables. 1 A hinged joint can be used to create GOST 6665, but in reality, there are only two widely used standards: BRSh 50.20.8 and 25.20.8, which are straight blocks. The aforementioned acts, along with others, have a flaw in that they do not include rotary products in their list of standard sizes, despite the fact that their provisions cover them completely and without exception.

Hinged-based on-board stones are not mentioned in domestic standards (GOSTs, SNiPs). However, this does not imply that these documents do not apply to them. Special elements in this case are regarded as an enhancement, an addition that is feasible for all kinds. For instance, hinged joints typically have BR, which is a straight line or regular block, and they will be submitted by BRS in a manner akin to BC – BKSh.

In light of the aforementioned, on-board stone can be any species that is suitable for its intended use:

• Porcelain and garden. Paths (pedestrian, bicycle), sidewalks in park zones. For garden and house platforms, decoration of the lawn area, flower beds. The most characteristic purpose.
• Road. For road paintings. They are less common, but they are still sometimes used there.
• Trunk for highways. BSs of this type are theoretically possible, but in reality they almost never occur.

Standard manufacturing procedures for concrete curbs in general:

1. Vibro-pressed. Increased strength, long service life, resistant to temperature changes. Moisture and frost resistance allows use in any climatic zone.
2. Vibrocast. In comparison with the previous and other types, less durable, not frost-resistant, with a porous surface, prone to cracking, chipping.
3. Reinforced concrete. Made of fine-grained reinforced concrete, characterized by increased resistance to mechanical influences. BSh are extremely rare.

The same guidelines apply to articulated curbs as they do to all concrete curbstones:

1. GOSTs:
2. 6665 and reference material specified in it. This is the main source;
3. 32961 (for highways), 26633 (heavy and fine-grained concrete);
4. TU, TR, STO of manufacturing companies.

Parameters and characteristics

Like other curbs, BSh are subject to the full regulatory framework. As we’ve already mentioned, rotary blocks are typically only ordinary (straight) in practice, though any stone can be made in this manner upon request. The materials, thickness, height, and length requirements are all the same as those found in GOSTs and other standards for other kinds of

Clarifications regarding articulated joints (including their schemes and variations) are typically limited to more specialized documents like TU, TR, and STO. They are all based on GOST 6665, which means that the specifications are similar to those found in other curb stone acts and in GOST 6665.

For BS, standard TU (let’s use 5746-011-53432515-2010 as an example), TR, and STO include the following provisions:

• Only one type is mentioned – BSHR (straight, ordinary blocks). And these are only two standard sizes BRSh50.20.8, 25.20.8. The rest are made individually order.
• Production method – semi-dry vibration pressing, single- and double-layer molding in integral press molds with immediate stripping.
• Fine-grained (sandy) and heavy concrete (according to GOST 26633).
• Can be with different textured layers (marble, granite, etc.). d.) and with a variety of shades of the entire product or part (side). For example, the common color “leaf fall” using the “color-mask” technology (mixing solutions of several colors).
• The same TU specifies that the stones can be straight or curved in configuration, that is, articulated modifications can also be such.

One BRSH50 stone.20.8 weighing 9 kg and having a compressive strength of roughly 18 kg and 25.20.8, respectively, is composed of B22.5 concrete class. A 100 x 250 cm concrete rotary column weighs 5.08 kg.

Standard technical parameters for concrete as stated in the TU above are as follows:

• For BRSh50.20.8 and 25.20.8 class B22.5 (corresponds to grade M300) and better. For other sizes, the minimum quality is B30 (M400). Tensile strength class (not compression) under bending B (tb) 3.2 and B (tb) 4.0, respectively. Point 1 is duplicated here.3.2 GOST 6665. However, all other provisions are taken from it.
• Frost resistance, respectively, F₂150 and F₂200 (this is the minimum).
• Water absorption by weight 6.0 (not more than %).

Components of the remedy:

1. Cements:
2. according to GOSTs 10178 and 31108;
3. white Portland cement (GOST 965) and CEM (sem) 1 52.5 and 1 42.5 according to EN 197-1;
4. mixtures of foreign manufacturers are allowed, as well as with C₃A (3-calcium aluminate) up to 8%, with alkaline oxides (Na₂O) from 0.8% and MgO (magnesium oxide) up to 5%.
5. Sand:
6. according to GOST 8736 and 31424 (from crushing screenings);
7. decorative (GOST 22856).
8. Crushed stone: gravel fraction 3 – 10 mm according to GOST 8267;
9. Pigments according to GOST R 56585 or other technical documentation for foreign products, as well as according to TU 2322-001-18994709-00, for building materials, for example, "Bayferrox (Germany) and similar. Volume 3 – 5%.
10. Water, additives according to GOSTs 23732, 24211, 26633.

Specification of requirements

• Water-cement ratio (w/c) no more than 0.40.
• The mortar is prepared according to GOST 7473 with air-entraining additives (with the volume of entrained air from 4 to 5%). Heavy mixtures with workability P2, P3 and mobility up to 12 cm must be prepared with plasticizers.
• It is recommended to use Portland cement without additives with mineral additives up to 5% or the same for concrete grade M400 road, airfield and better with no more than 5% magnesium oxide and no more than 8% tricalcium aluminate, according to GOST 10178.
• Fillers:
• natural enriched (including crushed), fractionated sands according to GOSTs 8736, 26633;
• crushed stone: natural stone, gravel, blast furnace slag according to GOSTs 8267, 3344,26633;
• in order to save cement, it is allowed to add fly ash, slag, ash and slag mixtures of thermal power plants according to GOSTs 25592, 25818, 26633.
• All additives must comply with GOSTs 24211, 26633 and meet the requirements for frost resistance of the solution.

Sand with a fineness modulus of 2.4 is ideal for fine-grained hinged curbs; a fineness modulus of 2.0 is ideal for heavy concrete.

The coarse aggregate’s maximum grain size is 20 mm. Crushed stone must provide the necessary indication for the design grade mortar and have a minimum compressive strength of 1000 and a frost resistance of F200.

GOST 6665 specifies how the block length, manufacturing process, and concrete parameters depend on each other: Curbstones are therefore made of heavy concrete or sand concrete with gravel filler. Hinged products up to one meter in length are typically composed of fine-grained solution, with consideration for the standard position 6665 mentioned above.

Brand: comparable to M300. Frost resistance is a crucial factor for this product; the F100 (100 freeze cycles) minimum indicator is typically made into the F200 range, with higher figures indicating better brands. GOST 6665 contains the guidelines for figuring out this attribute: In terms of standard sizes, the following are typical for BS (length, height, and width expressed in centimeters):

• 20.8;
• 20.8;
• 20.8 (less common).

As we can see, the dimensions of BS are significantly smaller than those of other standard sizes, which, according to Table 1. of GOST 6665, have a length of 100, 300, and 600 cm. This is indicative of their preference for decorativeness and purpose for especially solid objects.

Hinged borders can be much smaller and resemble thick ceramic tiles or columns because they have decorative and design qualities expressed to a greater extent (and functionality is not lower, but even higher compared to other types).

The sizes listed in GOST 6665 typically do not apply to them; instead, the manufacturer may choose to determine the size based on the customer’s order, or three standards—50.20.8, 25.20.8, and 65.20.8—will be applied.

Tools and materials for installation

The following supplies can be used to install hinged borders in the garden, on a private plot, and on other objects by hand:

• wooden pegs and a thick long thread (cord, rope) for marking;
• tape measure;
• a shovel to dig a trench;
• a rubber mallet for tightly installing blocks in the ground, joining them together. You can use a metal sledgehammer, but you will need to drive it along a wooden block;
• building level;
• a rake to level the backfill layers;
• a hose with a sprayer for pouring sand when compacting it;
• manual tamper.

Some tools can be swapped out for homemade gadgets. For instance, you can water your garden with a container similar to a garden watering can instead of using a hose. A thick piece of plywood can be fastened to a wooden handle to create a hand rammer, or an iron sledgehammer with a wide head can be used in its place.

While we describe the block laying process, we will take into consideration the materials for the strengthening solution and the backfill.

One benefit is that you won’t need to use tools like a grinder because you won’t need to trim the stones. Working with hinged curbs has the drawback that because the blocks are typically small, laying them requires more labor.

Since each segment is given careful consideration, the more elements present, the longer the work takes and the more energy is used. Smaller stones require more care when leveling because they are less stable.

The process of installing curb stones

It is advised in these situations to install the stone not only on the backfill but also on the concrete poured over it.

• when it is necessary to restrain the spread of the soil, for example, if the flower beds are in the form of a hill. And also be sure when decorating paths from tiles, otherwise it will move apart, moving the border;
• on soils prone to heaving.

The concrete fill that sits atop a bed of crushed stone and sand is where the curb stone is placed. This technique ensures that curbs withstand years of use and consistently support the material that surrounds them (soil from lawns, flower beds, and pathways, for example). P.).

The only exceptions might be in situations where it is intended to remove or alter the flowerbed in the future; in these cases, it is best to utilize the installation exclusively for bedding.

Method:

1. Markings are made using pegs at key points and ropes stretched between them.
2. According to the designation made, they dig a trench. The width of the moat is so that on both sides of the installed stones there is a gap of 10 – 15 cm for a concrete lock.
3. The depth of the ditch is determined by the layers of the cushion. In all cases, first the bottom must be well leveled, tamped, and geotextiles with a density of 160 g / sq. m must be laid. m – with it, sand and gravel will not mix with the soil.

• A layer of compacted crushed stone is not less than 10 cm (optimally 15 cm). Use a large or medium fraction (20 – 40). But it is better It is advisable to put a larger fraction (20 – 40, 20 – 70) on the bottom, and a small fraction (5 – 10, 10 – 20) on top. You can use pebbles.
• You can use only crushed stone, but it is advisable to pour 15 – 20 cm of sand (coarse-grained) in front of it.
• The best option: sand – gravel – sand.

Optional mortar for the base and lock:

• 3 – 4 parts. sand to 1 part. cement. The mixture is made thick (there is very little water, just so much so that you can stir).
• 2.5 h. clean sifted sand, 1 hour. cement, 2 hours. water and 2 hours. fine crushed stone.

Final actions:

1. Immediately after pouring the concrete, curb stones are placed on it and leveled (without or with a slope – it all depends on the geology of the location) with a rubber hammer.
2. Around the blocks placed in the desired position, a so-called lock is laid from the same sand-cement mixture (serves as a reinforcement-fixer on the sides for stones), its width (thickness) is 5 – 7 cm, height – 10 – 15 cm. These numbers can be large: the more significant they are, the better.
3. After the solution has set, the free space, if any, and the lock, so that it does not spoil the appearance, are filled with sand mixed with crushed stone, and soil is placed on top. These layers are also carefully tamped.

The trench’s depth needs to be determined so that the curbstone’s elevation is as intended. In this scenario, the master may choose to set the height at any height; for instance, if a path exists, it may rise above the curb or be flush with it.

Since shrinkage happens, the layers are added after tamping (if sand is present, it is poured before this). It is best to wait at least two or three days for the cushion to settle before pouring concrete. After adding more to reach the desired height, only then are the blocks and solution placed on it.

The installation of a hinged curbstone for border arrangement that only curbs on one backfill is comparable to the previous description, with the exception that concrete is not used, and the lock is composed of the same crushed stone.

Installing a hinged curbstone is exactly the same as installing a product without this feature. However, there is one small detail: the minimum joint angle for some types is typically 115°, meaning that the range is somewhat constrained. For the majority of objects, though, it is more than sufficient. Furthermore, keep in mind that the range of angles is expanded by BS variants having a cylindrical end. There are multiple angle options when using BRSh; these are shown below. The same choices for blocks with one flat end or a cylindrical end can be used to improve this section.

Difficulties and errors

The primary "disease" of curbs is the unevenness of the blocks: they are skewed, one rises above the other (due to earth heaving), there are cracks in the lock, and so on. Because the deforming soil pulls the element to the side, gaps frequently appear between the fenced area.

The primary errors are:

1. weak concreting;
2. unreliable backfill;
3. failure to carry out high-quality compaction.

Due to these flaws, the blocks usually squeeze out, slide off, or move to the side once winter cracks start to show on the lock.

Landslide processes will occur during shrinkage if the area immediately adjacent to the structure is not consistently compacted, even if the soil is stable. This requires that there be no height differences in the area. It is important to mitigate the risk as much as possible, which includes adding more stable soil (not heaving) to the area that is being designed in place of the current soil.

There are numerous instances where curbs are installed haphazardly with no deformation. But it will only be a matter of time until they appear. After the first wintering, there are nearly equal numbers of instances where the blocks are squeezed out, the lock develops cracks, etc. because of the heaving of the soil. The bare minimum required to solve the issue is superior backfill, or ramming. Installing a reinforcement bar in a concrete pour will ideally minimize deformation, absorb stress, and distribute the load evenly.

Guidelines:

• the rod is mounted in an unbroken contour, especially at the corners where it bends (does not cross, without breaks);
• there should be a layer of mortar 3 cm thick around the rod to prevent corrosion.

Advantages and disadvantages

Benefits of hinged curb

• An excellent choice for areas that are rounded, curved, or with many bends, especially for garden paths and flower beds, allowing you to avoid trimming blocks or using mortar to seal gaps between joints.
• Due to the fact that one end fits into the other, stability increases, including when the soil is heaving.
• Aesthetics. Such blocks give the line a finished look, especially at corners, in places of curvature, angularity is minimized. There is no mortar or gaps at the joints. Even when decorating straight sections, their design is much improved.
• Allows you to install blocks at almost any angle.
• The price does not exceed that of products without the feature in question.

Drawbacks:

• Limited standard sizes, lengths. These are, as a rule, straight blocks, the stone itself is not curved, that is, it will not provide an ideal rounding on the decorated line of the object. But still, this is much better than ordinary stones with straight ends. In addition, a small length is used, which minimizes angularity.
• Due to the above-mentioned disadvantage, sometimes at the end of the decorated line the last block is either too short or too long. In these cases, it may be necessary to increase the circumference, the size of the location, closed or in the form of a ring, or to trim the stone. That is, sometimes the specified procedure may still be required, but one-time.

Average prices

Depending on the type, the cost:

1. BRSH 50.20.8 made of concrete with strength class B30 costs 130-170 rubles/piece. (on average 150 rubles.). If there is a special color, for example, brown full color, granite, then the price can increase (about 260 rubles./piece.).
2. BRSH25.20.8 made of B30 mortar costs half as much – 60-90 rubles. per 1 piece. (on average 70 rubles.), with a special shade 130-140 rubles.
3. In addition to the two most common standards listed above, there is also a size of 650.200.80 mm, it costs about 160 rubles./piece.
4. A type of rotary curbstone with a cylindrical end is more expensive – about 220 rubles./piece. for size 500.200.78 mm (50.20.7.8 cm).
5. For comparison, a regular sidewalk curb 100.20.8 cm costs about 150 – 200 rubles. and this is despite the fact that it is 2 times longer than BRSH 50.20.8.
6. A concrete post 100×250 (weight 5.08 kg) costs about 112 rubles./piece.

A useful and adaptable solution for a range of construction requirements is the hinged curb. Durability, simplicity of installation, and the capacity to tolerate severe wear and tear are some of its primary qualities. It is a great option for both residential and commercial projects because of these features.

Hinged curbs are frequently utilized in parking lots, road construction, and landscaping. They contribute to the area’s overall aesthetic improvement, boundary definition, and water runoff management. They can be utilized in a variety of settings, from big public areas to tiny gardens, thanks to their adaptability.

The installation of a hinged curb is simple and frequently does not require specialized tools. Because of how simple it is to install, projects can be finished faster and with fewer workers. Since proper installation guarantees the curb’s durability and functionality, it ends up being a more affordable choice over time.

In general, the hinged curb is a dependable and effective option for a variety of building projects. Its ability to combine durability, usability, and practicality makes it an invaluable addition to any project, guaranteeing both practicality and visual appeal.

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