In many construction projects, constructing a seamless and useful entry or exit to a curb is crucial. Whether for a public road, a business parking lot, or a residential driveway, well-designed curb cuts guarantee secure and convenient access for both cars and pedestrians. Planning and implementing a curb cut that satisfies both practical and aesthetic requirements can be made easier by having a basic understanding of this procedure.
The first step in setting up a curb cut is to evaluate the site and choose the ideal spot for the entry or exit. There are several important steps involved in this process. This entails taking safety, visibility, and traffic flow into account. The best location is selected, and then exact measurements and markings are made to help with the cutting and removal of the old curb. In order to prevent any compliance problems during this phase, it is imperative that local regulations and standards be followed.
The base needs to be ready after the curb is removed. This entails guaranteeing a solid, compacted foundation and digging the area to the necessary depth. Since the base offers support for the poured new concrete or asphalt, it is essential to the longevity and durability of the curb cut. At this point, proper drainage solutions are also included to avoid water buildup, which over time may harm the curb.
After the base is prepared, the new curb cut is shaped using formwork. To guarantee that the edges are straight and the slope is suitable for a smooth vehicle transition, this step demands accuracy. After that, the freshly mixed asphalt or concrete is finished, frequently with a broom finish for more traction. To improve safety and usability, any last-minute tasks like painting lines or putting up signage are finished after the material has cured.
Although it may seem simple to create an entry or exit to a curb, careful planning and execution are needed to guarantee that the finished product is both functional and complies with local standards. You can achieve a curb cut that improves accessibility and safety for everyone who uses it by being aware of every step of the process, from site assessment to finishing touches.
- Purpose
- Regulatory documents
- Design requirements
- Materials for the device
- Road curb stones
- Garden curb stones
- Made from natural granite
- Metal selection
- Clinker or brick
- Tools and equipment for installation
- Step-by-step instructions for creation
- Possible difficulties and errors
- Average cost of work
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Purpose
The following locations are where curb ramps are being installed strictly in compliance with regulatory documentation requirements:
- At pedestrian crossings across city streets.
- On the contrary, the exits of their entrances to residential buildings bordering the sidewalks of roadways.
- At unregulated intersections, provided there is a sidewalk along the edges of intersecting roads.
- On the contrary, arched passages in multi-storey residential buildings, provided that the traffic organization scheme involves crossing the sidewalk.
- Near the races in the underground or aboveground parking lots of shopping centers.
- In places of arrival in landscaped territory, if landscape design involves an increase in the plane of a solid coating.
- In the case of registration of cascades for relief drops in park zones intended for the movement of citizens.
- When the on -board stone decreases, if the transitional zone borders on the operated lawn, or a equipped place to relax with a bench.
Forming the necessary slope on the portion of the pedestrian zone and submerging borders in the ground organize the reducing structure. The underestimation should be set up so that a square platform measuring at least 1400 x 1400 mm forms after the exit, allowing a wheelchair to turn around.
Regulatory documents
The layout of ramps and curb ramps complies with the specifications of the ensuing regulatory documents:
- SP 59.13330.2012 “Accessibility of buildings and structures for people with limited mobility”.
- SP 82.13330.2016 "Landscaping".
- SP 475.1325800.2020 "Parks. Rules for urban planning design and improvement".
- GOST 33150-2014 "Public roads. Design of pedestrian and bicycle paths".
These regulations are followed in the preparation of a landscaping project, which is then examined by the state. Following construction, the GASN inspection acceptance committee verifies that ramp dimensions, quantity, and presence are all strictly in line with the aforementioned documents.
Design requirements
The following specifications apply, per the regulatory documents mentioned above, to the lowering zones for setting up ramps or entries onto curbs:
- The depression zone should be arranged at the same level with the mark of the plane of the roadway.
- The curb on the front side of the driveway must be completely sunk into the ground so that the height of the visible part of the curb does not exceed 25 mm.
- The same rule applies when designing the curb between the pedestrian path and the lawn in use – the height of the front side of the curb stone must be less than 25 mm relative to the adjacent hard surface.
- The lowered plane at the driveway must have dimensions of at least 1.4 x 1.4 m.
- If the width of the remaining part of the sidewalk after the lowering is less than 1.2 m, the slope of the curb on the exit must be no more than 1:12, i.e. 8%.
- In the case where the width of the remaining pedestrian zone exceeds 1.2 m, the slope must be made more gentle – no more than 1:20, i.e. 5%.
The general contractor will have to redo the work if these requirements are not met because the outcome will directly impact people with limited mobility’s accessibility to the improvement zone as well as their safety and comfort when moving around the city.
Materials for the device
The following types of curb stones can be used to organize ramps and entrances to curbs on city streets or in areas where park zones or courtyards are being improved.
Road curb stones
Road curbs made of heavy concrete which are manufactured according to GOST 6665-91 "Concrete and reinforced concrete curb stones". Standard flanging element, which is widely used for organizing depressions of pedestrian zones – BR 100.30.15 with dimensions LxWxH 1000 x 300 x 150 mm.
Benefits
- full compliance with current regulations;
- strength and reliability of the structure;
- service life of at least 25 years.
Drawbacks:
- complexity of installation;
- need to involve heavy equipment;
- increased dead weight;
- need to cut large-sized products.
The most typical producers are:
- OOO "Stupinsky Plant of Reinforced Concrete Products", founded in 1954, modernized in 2002, Moscow Region.
- LLC "Stroyindustriya 2000", founded in 2000,. Chelyabinsk.
- OOO "Stroy Trotuar", founded 2008, g. Mytishchi, Moscow region.
Average cost per piece: 400–450 rubles.
Garden curb stones
Constructed from heavy concrete that complies with the same GOST standards. It has standard dimensions of 500 x 200 x 40 mm and is marked BR 50.20.4.
Benefits
- ease of installation;
- low dead weight;
- strength and reliability.
Drawbacks:
- cannot be used for city roads;
- increased fragility of a thin product.
The most typical producers are:
- OOO PK "Technology", the company has been on the market since 2003.
- Techno Granit LLC, founded in 2008, the company occupies a significant share of the building materials market in the Moscow region.
- Mosobltrotuar LLC, founded in 2001, one of the largest factories in the country.
Average cost per P.M.: 150–200 rubles.
Made from natural granite
The guidelines in GOST 32018-2012, "Construction and roadstock products from natural stone," govern the production of garden or road products made of natural granite that bear the labels G1, G4, or G5.
Benefits
- the highest strength indicator among analogues;
- polished stone with an anti-slip surface is ideal for installation in the historical centers of urban developments.
Drawbacks:
- high retail cost;
- complexity of cutting and installation;
- Requires the device of the capital base.
The most typical producers are:
- Intec LLC, Foundation of 1998, G. Samara;
- LLC "PC Technology", year of foundation 2003, g. Yaroslavl.
Average cost: 800 rubles per square meter.
Metal selection
Depending on the individual, made of galvanized steel, aluminum, or stainless steel.
Benefits
- the product is almost completely hidden between different types of coatings;
- the possibility of organizing an original landscape design;
- increased resistance to corrosion.
Drawbacks:
- low impact strength;
- high retail price;
- impossibility of installation for large city roads.
Most prevalent producers:
- Anmax LLC, 10 years on the market, Moscow.
- Stroy Resurs LLC, founded in 1998, Moscow region.
Average costs start at 350 rubles per P.M.
Clinker or brick
Goods produced either domestically or abroad are displayed on the market.
Benefits
- low porosity coefficient, which affects water-repellent properties;
- increased strength;
- service life – more than 50 years.
Drawbacks:
- fragility;
- thin products are quickly destroyed by impact loads;
- high price.
Most prevalent producers:
- ZG-Klinker, Poland, founded 1965.
- LLC GC "LSR", St. Petersburg, founded 2001.
Average costs per unit: 300–450 rubles.
Contractors use GOST-compliant products when building urban roads; the remaining on-board and products can be utilized when arranging access to private territories or improvement areas.
Tools and equipment for installation
The following supplies are needed to install a driveway or entrance to the sidewalk, which is organized by lowering the curbstone:
- Curbstone of the selected category.
- Sand and gravel mixture for organizing an artificial layer-by-layer compacted base.
- Cement-sand dry mixture for forming a bed when arranging an entrance.
- Road mesh with a rod diameter of 4 – 6 mm and cell dimensions of 50 x 50 mm, to create a reinforced base.
Furthermore, a set of tools is required for the installation of these materials:
- Bayonet shovels for leveling the bottom of the trench.
- An angle grinder with a diamond disc with a diameter of 300 mm, for cutting curbstones.
- Container for preparing cement-sand mortar.
- Rubber or wooden hammers for adjusting the position of the stone.
- Roulette, nylon lace, construction level, for applying and removing the measurements of the landscaping zone.
Contractors utilize the following categories of heavy construction equipment when building roads:
- Excavator with a narrow bucket for making a trench for installing lowered curbs.
- Tractor with a front bucket for removing the top layer of soil.
- Lifting equipment – a loader or a truck crane for moving and loading road curbs.
- Vibratory rammer for compacting the base after filling the bottom of the trench with a layer of sand and gravel mixture.
Prior to beginning construction, a project plan must be created, in which the total installation volume, the number of ramps, and their measurements must all be determined.
Step-by-step instructions for creation
All stages of the following process map are completed when building a driveway or ramp onto a curb during road construction in order to later deliver the facility to municipal city services:
- Geodetic breakdown of the territory is carried out, according to the approved project of the planning organization of the site.
- An excavator digs a trench of the required depth.
- The bottom of the trench is adjusted manually with constant monitoring of slopes to organize a standardized lowering of the future curb.
- A layer of ASG is prepared along the bottom of the trench.
- The artificial base is compacted with control over the degree of compaction. The indicator must be at least 0.95.
- The cement-sand mixture is mixed to the state of plasticity P1 – P2.
- A reinforced bed of mortar is placed along the bottom of the compacted base.
- Road side stones are marked in advance, according to the project, taking into account the designated slope and cut to organize the joint.
- Curbs are laid at the bottom of the trench in a pre-prepared bed.
- When a stone falls out of a row, its position is corrected with mallets.
- After installation, the curb is filled with sand and gravel mixture without compaction.
A variety of details are considered when planning a depression from a garden curb in a park or on a private plot:
- When digging a trench, it is necessary to monitor the groundwater level, as well as the composition of the soil base.
- In the case of soft-plastic loams, fertile soil layer or other weak soils, a layer of compacted quarry sand is arranged along the bottom of the trench.
- After immersing the stone, it is necessary to carefully monitor the slopes, as well as the level of the lowered part of the curbstone.
- When organizing an entrance to the site, it is important to take into account the protection of the coating from sliding. In such situations, the curbstone acts as a fixed stop, which requires its strengthening in the soil layer, using a rigid concrete mixture.
As soon as the curbstone is installed in the intended location, you must wait three to five days for the cement-sand mixture to solidify before planning to lay a hard surface on the lowered site to prevent the flanging from moving.
Possible difficulties and errors
Beginners frequently make serious mistakes when working on exit/entry arrangements, which can result in needless costs and other unfavorable outcomes. In order to avoid this, experts and professionals frequently share their helpful advice on internet forums with interested parties:
- All work must be carried out strictly according to the project.
- When applying markings, it is recommended to hammer in pegs from reinforcing bars at characteristic points, between which a nylon cord is stretched at the desired mark.
- When digging a trench, it is necessary to maintain a minimum distance between its border and the installation line of the curbstone of 300 mm.
- Before installing the curb, you need to re-check the base mark, since otherwise the product will have to be removed to adjust the plane.
- Organization of a lowered site, as well as a road surface, is carried out strictly after the solution has gained strength.
If all of the aforementioned advice is followed, the curb entrance can be used just as much as the hard-surfaced improvement zone or the sidewalk itself.
Average cost of work
Numerous construction and installation companies across the nation offer to handle the installation of a ramp to the curb. Average costs for this kind of work are determined by:
- type of curbstone;
- category of the object;
- volume;
- installation complexity.
Equals the following figures:
- Establishment of a standard platform for people with limited mobility from road curbs – from 600 – 750 rubles. / p. m., about 5000 rubles. for the entire installation perimeter.
- If it is necessary to install a compacted sand and gravel base, an additional 300 – 400 rubles./ p. m.
- Installation of a granite curb on a ramp "turnkey" – from 800 – 1100 rubles./ p. m., taking into account the cutting of the stone.
- Installation of a level-lowering zone from garden curbs on pedestrian zones, in parks or on household plots – from 350 – 450 rubles./ p. m.
- Arrangement of a divider with a visible part height of 25 mm, according to the standards, in city parks between hard surfaces and the lawn in use – from 300 – 350 rubles./п. м.
The costs listed below may differ slightly based on the time of year, how far the facility is from the city, whether heavy road equipment is required, and the company’s internal pricing policy.
Volume discounts are typically not offered for this kind of work because it is a one-time event and requires a higher level of complexity. However, in urban settings, these components are typically included in the total cost of a hard surface square or linear meter when building an extended sidewalk.
Step | Description |
1 | Plan the entry or exit location considering safety and traffic flow. |
2 | Measure the area to ensure it meets local regulations for width and slope. |
3 | Excavate the site to the required depth, removing any debris and leveling the ground. |
4 | Install a solid base layer, such as gravel, to provide stability and drainage. |
5 | Place forms to shape the concrete and hold it in place during pouring. |
6 | Mix and pour the concrete, ensuring an even and smooth surface. |
7 | Use a trowel to finish the surface, creating a slight slope for water runoff. |
8 | Allow the concrete to cure for the recommended time before use. |
For the safety of both cars and pedestrians, the transition from the road to the curb must be seamless. Daily convenience and long-term safety are greatly improved by strategically placed exits and entries. Curb transitions can be made to be both functional and long-lasting by following the suggested procedures, which include selecting the appropriate materials and adhering to construction guidelines.
Because of its strength and adaptability, concrete makes a great material for this kind of project. It is resistant to severe weather and traffic when mixed and poured correctly. Concrete can also be shaped to fit the precise specifications of your curb design, such as a more defined edge to control vehicle movement or a gentle slope for wheelchair accessibility.
During the construction process, meticulous attention to detail is essential. Use the appropriate formwork to shape the concrete and make sure the base layer is well compacted. To guarantee that the concrete reaches its maximum strength, give it enough time to cure. Curb exits and entries can last longer with regular maintenance like crack sealing and debris removal.
You can improve the overall usability and safety of your property by taking the time to arrange your curb transition properly. In addition to improving the area’s aesthetic appeal, a well-built curb exit or entry guarantees that everyone utilizing it can do so comfortably and confidently.
For the safety of pedestrians as well as vehicle accessibility, the transition from the road to the curb must be made smoothly and safely. In order to prevent accidents and ensure durability, properly arranging an exit or entry to the curb requires careful planning, the right materials, and attention to slope and surface texture. When it comes to ease of use and long-term maintenance, a well-built curb cut can significantly improve driveways, sidewalks, and ramps. With the help of this guide, you will be able to create a curb arrangement that is both long-lasting and practical.